Towards Ultra‐Bright Gold Nanoclusters

Cantelli, Andrea; Guidetti, Gloria; Manzi, Jeannette; Caponetti, Valeria; Montalti, Marco

doi:10.1002/ejic.201700735

Cited by 47 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…This decreases the nonradiative deactivation process and improves the stability of the AuNCs, leading to high QY values. 37 In addition, the presence of electron-rich cysteine residues on the concave surface of the protein scaffold can largely promote the photoluminescence of the protein-stabilized AuNCs. 36,38 The excited-state dynamics of the 4-AuNC was analyzed with timeresolved photoluminescence measurements (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering multifunctional metal/protein hybrid nanomaterials as tools for therapeutic intervention and high-sensitivity detection

et al. 2021

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering multifunctional metal/protein hybrid nanomaterials as tools for therapeutic intervention and high-sensitivity detection

et al. 2021

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“…It has been proposed that Au (I)‐thiolate shell in the vicinity of Au (0) core contributes toward the intense luminescence through ligand‐to‐metal‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMMCT) mechanism . Therein, the metal–metal charge transfer originates from singlet state Au (0) core to triplet state (T1 or T2) of Au (I) shell, followed by the relaxation in the form of PL from T1 or T2 state of Au (I) shell to the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of Au (0) core.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therein, the metal–metal charge transfer originates from singlet state Au (0) core to triplet state (T1 or T2) of Au (I) shell, followed by the relaxation in the form of PL from T1 or T2 state of Au (I) shell to the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of Au (0) core. The well‐defined nanocluster network through metal–ligand (Sn 2+ –GSH) interactions in these superstructural 3D architectures prohibits several nonradiative relaxation modes in GNCFs therefore, the strong luminescence primarily arises from the highly luminescent T1 state to Au (0) HOMO with an enhanced LMMCT relaxation mechanism . A slight PL blue shift may be due to the longer Au (I)⋅⋅⋅Au (I) distance in the nanocluster framework .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Luminescent Gold Nanocluster Frameworks

Chandra

Nonappa

Beaune

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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cytotoxic and are restricted in their use in nanomedicine. [6] Organic dyes, on the other hand, suffer from toxicity and poor photostability. [7] Therefore, the large potential of appropriate luminophores in biomedical applications has prompted intensive efforts toward the development of alternative nanomaterials with reduced toxicity and increased biocompatibility. A promising new approach is to exploit the photoluminescence of noble metal nanoclusters (NCs), having emissions in visible or near-IR regions, depending on their size, chemical environments, and surface ligands. [8] Few-atom metal NCs, with a core diameter of ≤1 nm, possess unique optical properties, stemming from quantum confinement of the electrons, unlike larger plasmonic nanoparticles. [1,9] Among the metal nanoclusters, atomically precise gold nanoclusters (GNCs) have gained remarkable interest over the last decade due to their high stability and biocompatibility. [9,10] However, low photoluminescence (PL) quantum efficiency restricts their potential applications. [11,12] PL can be amplified to a certain extent by the reduced rotational degree of freedom of the ligands surrounding the metal core, restrictions of intramolecular motions, or preventing nonradiative relaxations through aggregation. [13][14][15][16] However, controlling the aggregation behavior of the NCs to obtain superstructures of defined morphology in aqueous media has been a challenge. [17] Therefore, it is relevant to ask whether controlled self-assemblies can be designed to achieve colloidal superstructures based on luminescent NCs with enhanced PL and quantum yields in aqueous dispersion. Despite their dispersion behavior being similar to supramolecular complexes, self-assembly of monolayer protected NCs is a challenging task, as the inter-nanocluster interactions are close to the thermal fluctuations of the surroundings. Recently, it has been shown that atomically precise gold nanoclusters with surface carboxylic acid functionalities offer control over self-assemblies in aqueous medium to 2D or 3D superstructures. [18][19][20] We have discovered that a controlled assembly of water soluble luminescent GNCs having surface carboxylic groups by introducing metal ions might offer a new avenue to achieve superstructures, consisting of GNCs, metal ions, and ligands, akin to metal-organic frameworks. Such cluster frameworks would allow restricted motion of the surface ligands, thus potentially enhancing the PL. To test this hypothesis, we used water-soluble glutathione (GSH) capped luminescent Metal nanoclusters (NCs) are being intensely pursued as prospective luminophores because of their tunable electronic and optical properties. Among the various fluorescent NCs, gold nanoclusters (GNCs) are attractive due to their biocompatibility and excellent photostability, even if so far, they have had limited application potential due to poor quantum yield (QY). In this context, a facile route is demonstrated to tune up the photophysical and photochemical activities of water-borne luminesce...

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“…Recently, Dichiarante et al reported NIR-luminescent AuNCs bearing superfluorinated (SF) ligands with strong emission at 1050 nm with a quantum yield of 12% [77]. An extensive account of the PL of NCs is beyond the scope of this review and has been previously summarized in several reports [54,[78][79][80][81][82]. This review discusses an overview of the application of gold NCs in biosensing and bioimaging.…”

Section: Review Luminescent Gold Nanoclustersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

Nonappa¹

2020

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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Luminescent nanomaterials have emerged as attractive candidates for sensing, catalysis and bioimaging applications in recent years. For practical use in bioimaging, nanomaterials with high photoluminescence, quantum yield, photostability and large Stokes shifts are needed. While offering high photoluminescence and quantum yield, semiconductor quantum dots suffer from toxicity and are susceptible to oxidation. In this context, atomically precise gold nanoclusters protected by thiol monolayers have emerged as a new class of luminescent nanomaterials. Low toxicity, bioavailability, photostability as well as tunable size, composition, and optoelectronic properties make them suitable for bioimaging and biosensing applications. In this review, an overview of the sensing of pathogens, and of in vitro and in vivo bioimaging using luminescent gold nanoclusters along with the limitations with selected examples are discussed.

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Towards Ultra‐Bright Gold Nanoclusters

Cited by 47 publications

References 166 publications

Engineering multifunctional metal/protein hybrid nanomaterials as tools for therapeutic intervention and high-sensitivity detection

Engineering multifunctional metal/protein hybrid nanomaterials as tools for therapeutic intervention and high-sensitivity detection

Highly Luminescent Gold Nanocluster Frameworks

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

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