Towards tolerance: Representations of superordinate categories and perceived ingroup prototypicality

Waldzus, Sven; Mummendey, Amélie; Wenzel, Michael; Weber, Ulrike

doi:10.1016/s0022-1031(02)00507-3

Cited by 179 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…As noted in the introduction, with some exceptions (e.g., Ng Tseung-Wong & Verkuyten, 2010), the majority of research examining the ingroup projection model (Mummendey & Wenzel, 1999) focuses on outgroup prejudice and discrimination as an outcome of intergroup relations (e.g., Kessler et al, 2010;Reese et al, 2012;Waldzus et al, 2003). The present research expands the ingroup projection literature by focusing on ingroup bias in particular, rather than on outgroup degradation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…For example, members of fan groups that are not prototypical of the category "fan" (e.g., Barbie and stamp collectors) experience greater prejudice than members of more prototypical fan groups (e.g., basketball and football) (Reysen & Shaw, in press). Applying the ingroup projection model, those who view the superordinate group positively and who are psychologically connected to their subgroup are likely to view their subgroup as being prototypical of the superordinate category, leading to greater intergroup bias (Waldzus, Mummendey, Wenzel, & Weber, 2003). Furthermore, by projecting positive ingroup traits onto the superordinate category, ingroup members obtain a positive, yet distinct social identity (a key tenet of social identity theory), though it comes at the cost of stigmatizing outgroup members, who are perceived as being non-prototypical of the superordinate category (see Wenzel, Mummendey, & Waldzus, 2007).…”

Section: Ingroup Projection Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Table 1, all of the variables were positively correlated with one another with the exception that ingroup species bias was not significantly related to species identification and furry fandom identification. The ingroup projection model notes that both the subgroup and superordinate group should be relevant to participants (Waldzus et al, 2003). One way to check the relevance and importance of the groups under investigation is to ensure that the mean rating of identification with both the subgroup and the superordinate group is above the midpoint of the scale (Kessler et al, 2010;Waldzus et al, 2005).…”

Section: Preliminary Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ingroup Bias and Ingroup Projection in the Furry Fandom

Reysen¹,

Plante²,

Roberts³

et al. 2015

IJPS

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In two studies, we examine ingroup favoritism within the furry community. Furry fans construct personas ("fursonas") that are often related to a species of animal (e.g., fox, wolf). In Study 1, furries were found to rate their fursona species more favorably than other species. In Study 2, we examined whether the ingroup projection model may aid in understanding this ingroup species bias. Participants' ratings of prototypicality of their species within the fandom was associated with greater favoritism of one's species. A serial mediation model showed that identification with the fursona and perceived benefits of one's fursona mediated the association between ingroup projection and ingroup species bias.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Ingroup Projection Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preliminary Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ingroup Bias and Ingroup Projection in the Furry Fandom

Reysen¹,

Plante²,

Roberts³

et al. 2015

IJPS

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“…Interventions that reduce perceived relative prototypicality could therefore be useful to arrive at more equal negotiation processes and results. As Waldzus, Mummendey, Wenzel, and Weber (2003) showed, increasing perceived diversity of the superordinate category reduces the perception of relative prototypicality among (sub)groups.…”

Section: The Ingroup Projection Model (Ipm) As a Basis For Diversity mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By inducing a diverse representation of the superordinate category, Waldzus et al (2003) successfully reduced ingroup projection (also see Waldzus, Mummendey, & Wenzel, 2005). The authors randomly assigned their German participants to one of two conditions.…”

Section: Diversity Training Identification and Collective Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One world in diversity – A social-psychological intervention to foster international collective action intention

Knab

Steffens

2018

J. Soc. Polit. Psych.

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Although effective interventions to increase international collective action for human rights are highly desirable, the validation of theory-based interventions and their transfer to this practical field is still scarce. We investigated whether collective action intention can be improved by using a diversity intervention technique rooted in social psychology. The intervention builds on the ingroup projection model, postulating that negative intergroup relations are based on the perception of ingroups as more typical of a common superordinate group than outgroups (i.e., relative prototypicality). Thereby, the (quasi-)experimental study tested the ingroup projection model's theoretical assumptions in the context of Model United Nations (MUN) conferences. We hypothesized that the diversity intervention leads to a higher perceived diversity within the superordinate group (the United Nations, UN) as well as identification with the superordinate group (UN). Furthermore, we hypothesized an indirect effect of the intervention on collective action intention mediated by perception of diversity of, and identification with, the superordinate group. In comparison to the control group (n = 45), those participants who received the diversity workshop intervention (n = 55) perceived less relative prototypicality and more diversity of the UN. In addition, we provide evidence of a serial mediation: Compared to the control group, the diversity workshop group perceived the UN as relatively more diverse, facilitating identification with the UN. In turn, this was associated with a stronger intention to act collectively. This study shows the importance of including psychological theories in the field of international relations.Keywords: prototypicality, collective action, Model United Nations, diversity training, psychological intervention, ingroup projection, global issues, international relations, human rights ZusammenfassungObwohl effektive Interventionen zur Förderung internationalen kollektiven Handelns dringend notwendig scheinen, ist die Validierung theoriebasierter Interventionen und deren Transfer in die Praxis selten. Folglich haben wir untersucht, ob kollektives Handeln durch eine Diversity-Intervention erhöht werden kann. Die Intervention basiert auf dem Eigengruppenprojektionsmodell, das die Annahme beinhaltet, dass Personen ihre Eigengruppe als typischer für eine gemeinsame übergeordnete Gruppe ansehen als Fremdgruppen, was als relative Prototypikalität bezeichnet wird. Die vorliegende (quasi-)experimentelle Studie testet die Annahmen des Eigengruppenprojektionsmodells im Kontext von Model-United-Nations-Simulationen (MUN). Wir nahmen an, dass die Diversity-Intervention zu einer erhöhten Vielfaltswahrnehmung der UN sowie zu einer erhöhten Identifikation mit der UN führt. Außerdem nahmen wir an, dass ein indirekter Effekt auf kollektives Handeln über Vielfaltswahrnehmung und Identifikation mit der UN besteht. Im Vergleich zu einer Kontrollgruppe (n = 45) wiesen die Teilnehmenden des Diversity-Trainings (n = 55) ein...

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