Towards the third generation universities: The core innovative function approach

Abstract

Background: Undoubtedly, economic and social value added depends on the functions of universities. Moving toward third-generation universities (3rd GU) is an inevitable process. These universities need different functions than traditional ones; therefore, identifying and determining their functions is essential. The purpose of this study is to collect, match and explore the functions of universities in the transition to 3rd GU and ultimately offer a functional model of the 3rd GU for the use of professors, academics and policymakers in order to evaluate and promote universities. Methods: A critical review method was adapted. Literature was included based on their relevant empirical data to research objectives and referral rates, and texts with more conceptual richness entered the study without time limitations. Results: A total of 20 texts were included in the final analysis. While presenting the basic model, extracts the overarching concepts associated with the success of 3rd GU. These key concepts include the 7 core functions of innovative and entrepreneurial activities, supportive activities (financial and non-financial), entrepreneurial education ( curriculum and academic workforce empowerment), creation and provide applied knowledge, boundary-spanning function or communications and interactions with other elements of the national innovation system (state and industry), develop innovative and entrepreneurial culture and institutional governance and leadership in the direction of economic growth and development. Conclusion: Using new functions at universities would be a move toward 3rd GU, economic growth and development in the country. So, these functions are a practically useful guide to policymakers to estimate the rate of success in each university and deliver the necessary suggestions to provide the mechanisms for the establishment of a successful university.

The viewpoints of medical sciences wealth creators regarding the wealth creation strategies and path in medical sciences universities

“…The first-generation of universities are recognized as knowledge-based, and the second generation as the research-based. [ 1 ] The third-generation concept is proposed by Wissema in 2009. [ 2 ] Accordingly, a university is the creator of wealth and a center for production, transmission, and implementation of the innovations while continuing the conventional performance of regular universities.…”

“…[ 2 ] Accordingly, a university is the creator of wealth and a center for production, transmission, and implementation of the innovations while continuing the conventional performance of regular universities. [ 1 ] This concept emphasized the fundamental role of universities in economic competition and the sustainability of economic growth. [ 3 ]…”