Towards the Shifting of 5G Front Haul Traffic on Passive Optical Network

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access Passive Optical Network for 5G Deployment

“…The existing wireless communication technologies like 3G and 4G networks primarily utilize large cells to entertain the subscribers with acceptable data rates ( Jaffer et al, 2020). However, such deployment of wireless networks might soon exhaust owing to the exponential growth of communication devices within a single cell (Esmail et al, 2019).…”

“…5G architecture employs the use of centralized Radio Access Networks (cRANs), which provides a cloud-based network architecture to facilitates the separation of base stations/ Remote Radio Units (RRU) from the Baseband units (BBU) and provides centralized BBUs. The connectivity between the BBU and the RRU is referred to as fronthaul networks as shown in Figure 1 ( Jaffer et al, 2020). Employment of cRAN and centralized BBUs simplifies the network architecture with the provision of low cost RRUs to be deployed at the subscriber's premises.…”

“…Existing solutions to the connectivity of centralized BBUs and RRUs essentially employs the utilization of dark fiber, passive WDM, and microwave links as show in in Figure 2. However, these solutions suffer from numerous drawbacks linked with high capital expenditure (CAPEX), complex network deployment, and utilization of low-capacity links that tend to create bottlenecks along the high-capacity links ( Jaffer et al, 2020). Consequent upon the above discussion, this work employs FSO based hybrid architecture for the deployment of ultra-dense 5G communication network.…”

Signaling Load Reduction in 5G Network and Beyond

“…The current Long-Term Evolution (LTE) architecture lacks flexibility to accommodate this increase in data request rates. Therefore, as a solution to increase network capacity, operators are inserting more cells [5], this action leads to increased inter-cell interference levels, more handovers, and significant expenses [6]. All of this led to the formation of the Fifth Generation (5G) network that is due to start in 2021, in order to solve the existing network capacity issue [7].…”

A QoS-Aware Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm for Passive Optical Networks with Non-Zero Laser Tuning Time

“…Some TWDM-PON proposals, based on four wavelengths typically have a maximum throughput capacity of 40 Gbps, thus meeting the requirements of the NG-PON2 standards [4,14]. TWDM-PON is used as a major application in mobile fronthaul networks for connecting the centralized baseband unit (BBU) and remote radio heads (RRHs) in 5G C-RANs, which have extreme requirements in terms of capacity, latency, and cost-efficiency [15,16].…”