I would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Doctor Ken Duffy. His wide knowledge and his logical way of thinking have been of great value for me. His superhuman patience, encouraging and personal guidance have provided a good basis for this thesis. During my PhD study, the most important thing he taught me is the principle of being scientific. That is 'every idea should come after a strong proof'. All of these are appreciated greatly.I should also send my sincere thanks to my great mentor, Doctor David Malone, who has helped me a lot. Without his help, our simulations and experiments could not run very well. During my PhD study, it was he that taught me so many sparkling ideas in scientific experimentation. Thank you very much.A number of people have made my stay in Ireland an enjoyable experience, especially Professor Douglas Leith. I am grateful to Rosemary Hunt, Kate Moriarty and Ruth Middleton for their willingness to help in all sorts of administrative matters.Finally, I am forever indebted to my parents and my wife for their understanding, endless patience and encouragement when it was most required.Thank you a billion times! xiii