Microbial
fuel cells (MFCs) are bioelectrochemical devices, which
produce electrical energy from wastewater through degradation of biodegradable
organic substrates. The use of MFCs for energy generation from wastewater
biofuels through electrochemically active bacteria as biocatalysts
has been accepted in the recent past. The power output of MFCs depends
upon the electrode material, pH of the medium, temperature, internal
and external impedance, and redox potentials of cathodic and anodic
chambers. The current review highlights the importance of tuning these
parameters for improving the energy generation efficiency of MFCs.
Because every technology has associated merits and demerits, thus,
to avoid offering details of only success stories, here an effort
has been made to critically discuss the recent progress and challenges
in the applicability of MFCs as an energy generation source and water
purification technology.