“…Manufacturers customize VB layouts using diverse design principles to align with shop-floor tasks (Few, 2006). This results in various VB types, like PM VBs for clear data communication (Parry & Turner, 2006) and CI VBs with adaptable interfaces for manual drawings (Clausen, 2023). Current shop-floor PM VBs and CI VBs are analog media-based, entailing paper strips, charts, tokens, and whiteboards, to handle tasks (Bateman, 2020;Beynon-Davies & Lederman, 2017;Clausen et al, 2020).…”