“…The possible intermodal operators to be considered were logistic operators, forwarders, the rail operator (Renfe), and the ship companies. D i f f e r e n t m o d e l s h a v e b e e n f o r m u l a t e d i n t h e literature to optimise the efficiency of intermodal transport (Arnold et al, 2004 ;Ballis & Golias, 2004 ;Barthel & Woxenius, 2004 ;Li & Tayur, 2005 ;Macharis & Bontekoning, 2004). In this case, a cost model was derived in order to assess the effectiveness of intermodal transport in terms of costs.…”