Towards the creation of an integrated system of protected areas in Chile: achievements and challenges

Squeo, Francisco A.; Estévez, Rodrigo A.; Stoll, Alexandra; Gaymer, Carlos F.; Letelier, Luis; Sierralta, Leonel

doi:10.1080/17550874.2012.679012

Cited by 45 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The total species richness recorded in the 80 sample plots was 126 species; this demonstrates the important diversity of this area, as also indicated by other authors [6]. Studies that have successfully estimated diversity have mostly concentrated on relatively flat areas [16,25,44,56].…”

Section: Ecological Implicationssupporting

confidence: 57%

“…They have a high rate of floristic diversity and endemism [6], particularly in the transition zone between the Valdivian temperate rain forest and the sclerophyll forest in the Maule region [7,8], yet the region currently has very little area protected in the Chilean National System of Protected Wild Areas (SNASPE) or in other public protected areas such as nature sanctuaries, forest reserves or national parks, which currently comprise only 2% of the region's total surface area [6]. Nevertheless, these ecosystems are extremely vulnerable, since they are subject to a sustained increase in anthropogenic pressure mainly related to the change in land use for agriculture and livestock and the illegal extraction of wood products from native forests [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Airborne LiDAR and Satellite Hyperspectral Remote Sensing to Estimate Vascular Plant Richness in Deciduous Mediterranean Forests of Central Chile

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The Andes foothills of central Chile are characterized by high levels of floristic diversity in a scenario, which offers little protection by public protected areas. Knowledge of the spatial distribution of this diversity must be gained in order to aid in conservation management. Heterogeneous environmental conditions involve an important number of niches closely related to species richness. Remote sensing information derived from satellite hyperspectral and airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data can be used as proxies to generate a spatial prediction of vascular plant richness. This study aimed to estimate the spatial distribution of plant species richness using remote sensing in the Andes foothills of the Maule Region, Chile. This region has a secondary deciduous forest dominated by Nothofagus obliqua mixed with sclerophyll species. Floristic measurements were performed using a nested plot design with 60 plots of 225 m 2 each. Multiple predictors were evaluated: 30 topographical and vegetation structure indexes from LiDAR data, and 32 spectral indexes and band transformations from the EO1-Hyperion sensor. A random forest algorithm was used to identify relevant variables in richness prediction, and these variables were used in turn to obtain a final multiple linear regression predictive model (Adjusted R 2 = 0.651; RSE = 3.69). An independent validation survey was performed with significant results (Adjusted R 2 = 0.571, RMSE = 5.05). Selected variables were statistically significant: OPEN ACCESSRemote Sens. 2015, 7 2693 catchment slope, altitude, standard deviation of slope, average slope, Multiresolution Ridge Top Flatness index (MrRTF) and Digital Crown Height Model (DCM). The information provided by LiDAR delivered the best predictors, whereas hyperspectral data were discarded due to their low predictive power.

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Section: Ecological Implicationssupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Airborne LiDAR and Satellite Hyperspectral Remote Sensing to Estimate Vascular Plant Richness in Deciduous Mediterranean Forests of Central Chile

et al. 2015

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“…En el caso de los ecosistemas marinos, hasta el año 2010 solo el 0.03 % de la Zona Económica Exclusiva estaba protegida como AMP con un 86 % de su super ficie situada en el sur de Chile, donde habita un 5 % de la población humana (Thiel et al 2007). La creación del Parque Marino Motu Motiro Hiva, alrededor de la Isla Salas y Gómez, el 2010, significó aumentar el porcentaje de protección a un 4.1 % (National Geographic et al 2011), sin embargo, este parque solo representa a la ecorregión marina de Isla de Pascua, manteniéndose el défi cit de protección de las otras ecorregiones (Squeo et al 2012). Esto es paradójico, porque la zona centro norte corresponde al ecosistema de la Corriente de Humboldt, una ecorregión de alta prioridad para la conservación (Glover & Earl 2004).…”

Section: Fragmentación De Las áReas Protegidas Actividades Productivunclassified

“…Considerando q u e p a r t e i m p o r t a n t e d e l p a t r i m o n i o silvestre del país se encuentra en terrenos privados y ante la insufi ciencia del SNASPE para protegerlo , la cooperación público-privada en conser vación adquiere relevancia para contrar restar la fragmentación y mejorar la conectividad entre las áreas silvestres protegidas (Sepúlveda et al 1997, Bustamante & Grez 2004, Squeo et al 2012, cooperación que no resulta viable en el mar, donde no existe la propiedad privada. Las ASPP están afectas a los mismos tratamientos tributarios, derechos y obligaciones que el SNASPE (Ar t. 35, Ley Nº 19300); sus apor tes efectivos y potenciales constan en diversas publicaciones (e.g., Simonetti & Acosta 2002, Sepúlveda 2004, destacando el interés de los privados por asociar actividades no tradicionales a la conservación (e.g., ecoturismo: Villarroel 2004; conser vación e investigación científi ca en la Estación Biológica Senda Dar win: Carmona et al 2010).…”

Section: Int Egración Del Mundo Privado a La Conservación De La Biodiunclassified

“…El desafío actual es avanzar hacia un vínculo más coordinado entre los ser vicios públicos (e.g., CONAF, SERNAPESCA), la academia (e.g., universidades, centros de investigación) y otras instituciones ciudadanas (e.g., Organizaciones No Guber namentales: ONGs, de aquí en adelante) que conduzcan a corregir y/o defi nir un lineamiento común de aplicación de las distintas estrategias de conser vación para ecosistemas terrestres y marinos. Actualmente, la propuesta del nuevo SBAP considera la administración por par te del Ministerio del Medio Ambiente de todas las AP de Chile (Sierralta et al 2011, Squeo et al 2012. Sin embargo, esta propuesta está en un proceso de amplia discusión y su implementación fi nal aún es incierta.…”

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Conservación de la biodiversidad en Chile: Nuevos desafíos y oportunidades en ecosistemas terrestres y marinos costeros

Jorquera-Jaramillo

Vega

Aburto

et al. 2012

Rev. chil. hist. nat.

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RESUMENLa pérdida de la biodiversidad producida por el crecimiento demográfi co, la demanda por recursos y la actividad productiva es contradictoria con el reconocimiento de su importancia. En ecosistemas terrestres, el Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas del Estado (SNASPE) contiene cerca del 19 % del territorio de Chile continental; aunque no representa todos los ecosistemas con especies amenazadas, puede ser complementado implementando nuevas áreas protegidas públicas (AP) y privadas (APP). El desarrollo de áreas marinas protegidas (AMP) es incipiente, y algunas iniciativas comparten la responsabilidad de conservación con los usuarios locales. En Chile, un conjunto de reglamentos, normas legales y tratados internacionales promueven distintas oportunidades de conservación en ecosistemas terrestres y marinos costeros, de las cuales emergen nuevos desafíos. Entre estos destacan, estandarizar la clasificación de especies según categorías de conser vación en un protocolo internacional y optimizar las metodologías para seleccionar áreas prioritarias, ambos criterios indispensables para decidir qué y dónde conservar. Otro desafío es integrar el valor intrínseco de la biodiversidad con los servicios ecosistémicos que presta para instaurar una cultura participativa. Esto mejoraría la efectividad de las distintas estrategias de protección y uso sustentable de la biodiversidad al incorporar la educación y la participación ciudadana desde una perspectiva biocultural. La educación fomenta la conservación de la naturaleza al hacernos conscientes de nuestro entorno; mientras que la participación involucra a los ciudadanos como un actor más en la toma de decisiones, procurando la aplicación efectiva de las estrategias de conservación de la biodiversidad.Palabras clave: áreas marinas protegidas, áreas silvestres protegidas, conservación privada, participación ciudadana. ABSTRACTBiodiversity loss caused by population growth, the demand of resources and productive activities is inconsistent with the recognition of its importance. In terrestrial ecosystems, the National State System of Protected Areas (SNASPE) contains about 19 % of continental Chile. Although it does not represent all the ecosystems with endangered species, it can be supplemented by implementing new public and private protected areas (PA and PPP, respectively). The development of Marine Protected Areas (AMP) is emerging, and some strategies share conservation responsibility with local stakeholders. In Chile, a set of regulations, laws and international treaties promote different conservation opportunities in land and marine coastal ecosystems. Some of the derived challenges involve standardizing the classifi cation of species in conser vation categories according to an international Protocol and optimizing the methodologies for selecting priority conservation areas; both criteria are essential for decision-making in biodiversity conservation. Another challenge is integrating the intrinsic value of biodiversity and the ecosystem services provided for promoting ...

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Combining information from benthic community analysis and social studies to establish no‐take zones within a multiple uses marine protected area

Rojas-Nazar

Gaymer

Squeo

et al. 2011

Aquatic Conservation

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ABSTRACT1. A decision support tool was used to determine priority sites for marine conservation within the Isla Grande de Atacama multiple uses marine protected area (MUMPA) in northern Chile, based on both biological and social information. Scuba diving, and an unweighted paired-group method using arithmetic average (UPGMA) analyses were used to determine the main benthic communities found in the shallow rocky and soft-sediment subtidal.2. To establish the costs of conservation, a social survey was undertaken to identify major users, uses and localities within the MUMPA. A multi-layer database with biological, physical, and social information was generated and further defined 28 approximately 70 ha analysis units. Explicit conservation criteria were then determined and four conservation goals defined (protection of 10, 20, 50, and 70% of each of the communities).3. Seven rocky reef and three soft-sediment communities were identified in the shallow subtidal. Four of the 28 units had high costs of conservation owing to high frequency of use by fishermen, divers, and algae harvesters (main users). These areas represented the highest risks for potential conflicts with the main users.4. Under the conservation goals of 10% and 20%, 36.8 and 44.4% of the whole marine area were selected as priority areas for protection respectively. The units selected presented low and medium costs of conservation, thus they had low risks of potential conflicts with users.5. This is the first study that uses a decision support tool to identify priority sites (i.e. units) in the shallow subtidal based on benthic communities and also incorporates social aspects to assess conservation costs. The use of social aspects enables the establishment of management strategies that agree both with biodiversity conservation and socio-economic development of fishing communities. This approach can be replicated for the planning of other coastal MPAs where artisanal fisheries and tourist activities co-occur and interact with conservation efforts.

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Towards the creation of an integrated system of protected areas in Chile: achievements and challenges

Cited by 45 publications

References 30 publications

Comparison of Airborne LiDAR and Satellite Hyperspectral Remote Sensing to Estimate Vascular Plant Richness in Deciduous Mediterranean Forests of Central Chile

Comparison of Airborne LiDAR and Satellite Hyperspectral Remote Sensing to Estimate Vascular Plant Richness in Deciduous Mediterranean Forests of Central Chile

Conservación de la biodiversidad en Chile: Nuevos desafíos y oportunidades en ecosistemas terrestres y marinos costeros

Combining information from benthic community analysis and social studies to establish no‐take zones within a multiple uses marine protected area

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