Towards the clarity limit in optical fibre

Thomas, G. A.; Shraiman, Boris I.; Glodis, P.F.; Stephen, Michael J.

doi:10.1038/35005034

Cited by 129 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Power loss due to material absorption is no longer an issue in pure silica fibers. Modern fibers operate at the silica clarity limit of <1 dB=km in the 1 to 2 m range, which is determined by absorption and scattering loss on SiO2 molecules, described by Rayleigh scattering ($ À4 ) [20]. As a result, kilowatt average power is now routine in fibers.…”

Section: Transverse Magnetic Defect Mode In Pbg Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow-core photonic band gap fibers for particle acceleration

Noble

Spencer

Kuhlmey

2011

Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams

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Photonic band gap (PBG) dielectric fibers with hollow cores are being studied both theoretically and experimentally for use as laser driven accelerator structures. The hollow core functions as both a longitudinal waveguide for the transverse-magnetic (TM) accelerating fields and a channel for the charged particles. The dielectric surrounding the core is permeated by a periodic array of smaller holes to confine the mode, forming a photonic crystal fiber in which modes exist in frequency passbands, separated by band gaps. The hollow core acts as a defect which breaks the crystal symmetry, and so-called defect, or trapped modes having frequencies in the band gap will only propagate near the defect. We describe the design of 2D hollow-core PBG fibers to support TM defect modes with high longitudinal fields and high characteristic impedance. Using as-built dimensions of industrially made fibers, we perform a simulation analysis of prototype PBG fibers with dimensions appropriate for speed-of-light TM modes.

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Section: Transverse Magnetic Defect Mode In Pbg Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow-core photonic band gap fibers for particle acceleration

Noble

Spencer

Kuhlmey

2011

Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams

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“…This work shows a ~10 dB higher damage threshold of modern fibres measured at 1.56 µm compared to previous work at shorter wavelengths. This ~10 dB difference can be attributed to being measured at different wavelengths where previous work may have had higher absorption due to operating closer to water peaks, depending on the fibre in use this may account for the difference in damage threshold with older fibres having higher water concentrations [7,8]. However, the waveguide geometry of modern bend insensitive fibres appears to increase the damage threshold even further.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

The effect of high optical power on modern fibre at 1.5 µm

Suibhne

Ferreira

McCarthy

et al. 2016

2016 18th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)

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Here we study the impact of high optical power, within the C-band, on the reliability of modern single mode fibre. Our experiments show that modern fibre demonstrates >10 dB higher power handling performance beyond what has previously been reported. Keywords: optical fibre, fibre damage, fibre reliability, fibre loss, optical communications, high optical power, modern fibre. INTRODUCTIONWhen optical fibres were first deployed there was considerable effort to establish the reliability of single mode fibre (SMF) [1,2]. Several of these studies examined the performance and reliability of optical fibre in the presence of high optical powers at 1.24µm [3] and 1.48µm [4]. Very little has been published on the verification of such models in recent history and results of fibre performance at 1.5 µm are sparse.With the continued growth of fibre based communications, the demand to place higher optical power densities into optical fibres is ever growing. In current systems, optical amplifiers with over 20 dBm output power are not uncommon. Future applications that look at nonlinearity compensation and Raman amplification may involve even higher densities of optical power in the C-band [5]. These demands, coupled with advances in modern fibres, with reduced water peak and bend insensitive geometries suggest that a revisit to the topic of fibre reliability is now timely.In this paper, we study the effect of high optical powers on SMF in the context of modern fibres and optical communication systems. Our studies go beyond previously published work by examining the reliability of fibres operating directly in the C-band. This consisted of a series of experiments, based on previously proposed models and experiments [1,4,6] to ensure a direct comparison can be made. Single mode fibres with both loss and bend insensitivity were subjected to a range of conditions involving bend induced loss and CW power handling. We note for severe bends the fibre shows large fluctuation in bend loss, in some cases >10 dB. Our experiments focused on class 1 fibre failure where the optical powers cause total destruction of the fibres wave-guiding ability in a number of seconds (<10s) [4]. This type of failure is of particular importance due to its rapid onset and is thus difficult to manage in a network scenario. These results show, for the first time to our knowledge, class 1 damage thresholds, caused directly by optical power in the C-band. The results indicate that modern low loss fibre has considerably greater power handling at 1560nm than previous work carried out at shorter wavelengths [4].

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“…However, with the further development of the Internet, conventional silica-based Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, most of which work in the C-band (1530nm~1565nm), cannot meet the requirement of the growing fiber system any more. Consequently, much more attention has been paid to light amplification in the S-band and S+-band (1450nm~1520nm) [5][6][7] . Since it is impractical to achieve the above amplification using Erbium ions, investigating other rare earth ions' luminescence properties is becoming increasing important [8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Properties of 1.47-μm Emission in Tm3+-doped Li2O-SrO-ZnO-Bi2O3 Glasses

Lin¹,

Zhang²,

Chen³

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the International Conference on Chemical, Material and Food Engineering

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Abstract. Tm 3+ -doped Li 2 O-SrO-ZnO-Bi 2 O 3 (LSZB) glasses that are suitable for optical amplifier applications have been fabricated through the conventional melt-quenching method, and the spectroscopic properties of Tm 3+ in the glasses were characterized. The density, the refractive indices, the optical absorption, the Judd-Ofelt parameters Ω t , and the spontaneous transition probabilities of the glasses were measured and calculated. Using the least-squares fitting method, the Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Ω t were found to be  2 =4.2910 -20 cm 2 ,  4 =1.1610 -20 cm 2 , and  6 =0.8410 -20 cm 2 . Intense 1.47-m fluorescence was observed in these glass systems under 785-nm excitation. The emission peak from the Tm 3+ : 3 H 4  3 F 4 transition locates around 1.47-µm with a bandwidth is ~112 nm, which is significantly wider than the bandwidth of Tm 3+ -doped ZBLAN at 80nm but smaller than that in KBG glasses. The results indicate that Tm 3+ -doped LSZB glasses is a promising host material for applications in optical amplifiers.

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Towards the clarity limit in optical fibre

Cited by 129 publications

References 5 publications

Hollow-core photonic band gap fibers for particle acceleration

Hollow-core photonic band gap fibers for particle acceleration

The effect of high optical power on modern fibre at 1.5 µm

Optical Properties of 1.47-μm Emission in Tm3+-doped Li2O-SrO-ZnO-Bi2O3 Glasses

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