Towards Sustained Team Effectiveness

Wijngaards, Niek J. E.; Kempen, Masja; Smit, Annika; Nieuwenhuis, Kees

doi:10.1007/11775331_3

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The work within the scope of this dissertation uses the view on humanautomation teamwork as Wijngaards, Kempen, Smit, and Nieuwenhuis (2005) (Hutchins, 1995;Gary Klein, Feltovich, Bradshaw, & Woods, 2005).…”

Section: Human-automation Teamworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human-automation teamwork : Current practices and future directions in air traffic control

Svensson

2020

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This dissertation explores the topic of human-automation teamwork in Air Traffic Control (ATC). ATC is a high stakes environment where complex automation is being introduced while the human operator has the legal responsibility. With increasing demands on productivity in various industries (as also in ATC), automation is introduced for efficiency, maintaining safety, and to keep the workload of the human operator within acceptable limits. However, previous research has shown that automation may cause negative effects on the human operator and performance, such as forcing the operator out of the control loop, which might lead to problems or confusion. Previous research suggests a need for strengthening human-automation collaboration where automation is seen as a team member to keep the operator in the loop. In order to achieve such teamwork, the design of the automation needs to be human-centred, i.e. that the automation is designed for the underlying need of the operator.The aim of this dissertation is to explore teamwork in ATC from several angles to understand how the air traffic controllers are working in current ATC environments and how automation could be designed to support humanautomation teamwork. The included studies rely on interviews, simulations, and questionnaires, all with operational air traffic controllers as participants.The results indicate that for both human-human teamwork and humanautomation teamwork, teamwork factors such as adaptability and mutual performance monitoring (knowing what the other team members are doing) are important for the work performance in current ATC environments, where mutual performance monitoring is especially important during stressful situations.When designing automation, lessons learned from human-human teamwork should be considered. The work within the scope of this dissertation identifies and concerns two human-automation teamwork aspects: boundary awareness and implicit communication. These are proposed to support the operator's knowledge about the automation and the communication flow between the iv operator and the automation. Boundary awareness is the operator's knowledge of the automation's abilities, its boundaries (what it can or cannot manage), and about consequences if it would go outside of these boundaries. Implicit communication is the unspoken or implied small cues that the operator and the automation can use to communicate with each other. It is proposed that implicit communication can be based on the work patterns of the operator. The knowledge gained through the work in this dissertation can be used as a foundation for further research and design of automation regarding operator knowledge about the automation boundaries and the communication within the team. v vii INCLUDED PUBLICATIONS

show abstract

Section: Human-automation Teamworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human-automation teamwork : Current practices and future directions in air traffic control

Svensson

2020

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Much attention has been given to aspects of team performance and effectiveness. This is coming from applied problems such as military command and control, sport teams, project teams, teams of first responders, and more (Fransen et al, 2013;Granåsen & Andersson, 2015;Hof et al, 2010;Mathieu et al, 2008;McKendrick et al, 2014;Onag & Tepeci, 2014;Swezey & Salas, 1992;Wijngaards et al, 2006).…”

Section: Team Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Shared Strategic Understanding

Berggren¹

2016

Linköping Studies in Arts and Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cover illustration © Eric Palmquist/Bildupphovsrätt 2016 Tous pour un, un pour tous Les trois mousquetaires (1844) by Alexandre DumasPå ärans och hjältarnas språk:En för alla, och alla för en. AbstractThis thesis describes the development of an instrument for assessing shared understanding in teams. The purpose was to develop an instrument that would be usable, understandable, objective, flexible and self-explanatory. Teams working in naturalistic settings are expected to have a shared understanding of common goals and how to achieve these. The problem investigated in this thesis is that current techniques and instruments for assessing shared understanding in teams generally suffer from one or more of the following drawbacks, namely that they are expensive, difficult to use, time-consuming, requiring expertise, and are often based on subjective perceptions. Departing from existing theory in team cognition techniques and theories, the research questions posed in this thesis are: 1) How can shared understanding be measured without the disadvantages of existing methods? 2) How can shared understanding be assessed without the bias of self-ratings and/or assessments by experts/observers? 3) Can team performance be better understood by the outcomes of an instrument that measures shared understanding?These research questions are answered through six studies that are presented in this thesis. Over the six studies an instrument was iterated and subsequently developed, called the shared priorities instrument. When using this instrument, team members are instructed to generate items and rank these in order of importance. By comparing these rank orders from different participants, a team measure of shared understanding can be calculated. The advantages of this instrument compared to earlier measures are that it is less expensive, easier to use, less time-consuming, does not require subject matter expertise, and that the instrument is distanced from subjective perceptions.Furthermore, the final study provides results where outcomes from the shared priorities instrument correlate with performance, supporting earlier research connecting shared understanding in teams with team performance. A structural equation model, a result of the final study, shows that the instrument is both valid and reliable.

show abstract

“…The game employed should ideally be tuned to provide maximum effect on the visual system, but for the purposes of this article it will be assumed that an action video game with appropriate effect has already been decided upon. This break serves two purposes: to allow the vigilance decrement time to decay (Wijngaards, Kempen, Smit, & Nieuwenhuis, 2006) and to train the screener's visual attention system. Note that the game employed must not interfere with the decay of the vigilance decrement: if for some reason the game presents its own vigilance task, the concurrent secondary purpose of the game is lost.…”

Section: Application: Baggage Screening Teammentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Visual Attention Video Games and Traditional Interventions to Improve Baggage Screening

Pavlas

Rosen

Fiore

et al. 2008

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vigilance tasks represent an increasingly critical performance segment for civilians and military personnel alike. In order to combat the vigilance decrement and aid in making personnel more effective, it is necessary to find innovative ways to mitigate the vigilance decrement and aid the human visual system. One such technique lies in an interesting field; recent findings suggest that action video games modify the visual attention system in a way that is particularly useful to performance in a sustained attention task. This article discusses the nature of these findings in the context of improving performance in a common vigilance task: baggage screening.

show abstract

Towards Sustained Team Effectiveness

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Human-automation teamwork : Current practices and future directions in air traffic control

Human-automation teamwork : Current practices and future directions in air traffic control

Assessing Shared Strategic Understanding

Using Visual Attention Video Games and Traditional Interventions to Improve Baggage Screening

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About