Towards sustainable and safe apparel cleaning methods: A review

Troynikov, Olga; Watson, Christopher; Jadhav, Amit; Nawaz, Nazia; Kettlewell, R.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.078

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In addition to high energy consumption, the solvents used in dry-cleaning have negative health effects [60] and cause environmental hazards when not handled safely [61]. Professional wet cleaning is more energy efficient than regular laundering or dry cleaning and poses the least risk to human health and the environment of the cleaning methods listed in Table 3 [62]. Table 3.…”

Section: Dry-cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Use Matter? Comparison of Environmental Impacts of Clothing Based on Fiber Type

2018

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Several tools have been developed to compare the environmental impact of textiles. The most widely used are Higg Materials Sustainability Index (MSI) and MADE-BY Fiber Benchmark. They use data from production to evaluate the environmental impacts of textiles differentiated by fiber type. The use phase is excluded from both tools. This article discusses whether there is evidence that the use of textiles differs systematically between different fiber types and examines the consequences of comparing the environmental impacts of clothing based on differences in production of fibers alone without including differences in their use. The empirical material in this paper is based on analysis of rating tools and a literature review on clothing use. It shows that fiber content contributes to the way consumers take care of and use their clothing. When use is omitted, major environmental problems associated with this stage, such as spread of microplastics, are also excluded. This one-sided focus on material production impacts also excludes the importance of product lifespans, quality, and functionality. The consequence is that short-lived disposable products are equated with durable products. Comparing dissimilar garments will not help consumers to make choices that will reduce the environmental burden of clothing. We need an informed discussion on how to use all materials in the most environmentally sustainable way possible.

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Section: Dry-cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Use Matter? Comparison of Environmental Impacts of Clothing Based on Fiber Type

2018

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“…The large differences observed between countries in the knowledge and practices of dry cleaning indicate significant potential for improvement. Substituting solvent-based dry cleaning with professional wet-cleaning or some other suitable cleaning method at home would be beneficial [76].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are great variations between dry cleaning technologies. In general, a professional wet-cleaning process uses more water than the dry cleaning process, while the opposite applies for energy use [30,[74][75][76][77]. Dry cleaning with PERC does not use water, but the related operations such as the cooling and cleaning of machines may have high consumption if the water is not reused, as in our assumption.…”

Section: Water Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Laundry Care Regimes: Do the Practices of Keeping Clothes Clean Have Different Environmental Impacts Based on the Fibre Content?

Laitala¹,

Klepp²,

Kettlewell³

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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Clothing maintenance is necessary for keeping clothing and textiles functional and socially acceptable, but it has environmental consequences due to the use of energy, water and chemicals. This article discusses whether clothes made of different materials are cleaned in different ways and have different environmental impacts. It fills a knowledge gap needed in environmental assessments that evaluate the impacts based on the function of a garment by giving detailed information on the use phase. The article is based on a quantitative wardrobe survey and qualitative laundry diary data from China, Germany, Japan, the UK and the USA. The largest potential for environmental improvement exists in reducing laundering frequency and in the selection of washing and drying processes, and through a transition to fibres that are washed less frequently, such as wool. Adopting best practice garment care would give larger benefits in countries like the US where the consumption values were the highest, mainly due to extensive use of clothes dryers and less efficient washing machines combined with frequent cleaning. These variations should be considered in environmental assessments of clothing and when forming sustainability policies. The results indicate the benefits of focusing future environmental work on consumer habits and culture and not only technologies.

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“…It has the ability to accumulate in fatty tissues and vital organs of living organisms (including lungs, brain, liver, and kidneys). [ 7,8 ] In addition, the metabolism of PEC occurs through two important pathways of oxidation and conjugation with glutathione (GSH), and the trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is known as its main and stable metabolite. [ 2 ] The time‐weighted average (threshold limit value.‐TWA), a short‐term exposure limit (STEL), and biological exposure indices (BEI) limit in end‐exhaled air recommended for this compound by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) is 25, 100, and 5 ppm, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The perchloroethylene‐induced toxicity in dry cleaning workers lymphocytes through induction of oxidative stress

Ghahri

Dehghan

Seydi

et al. 2022

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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Evaluation of the compounds and metabolites, and studying their side effects in the workplace is essential. This study was designed to evaluate the exposure of dry cleaning workers to perchloroethylene (PEC), and its liver and kidney damage, and oxidative stress in B-lymphocytes isolated from the workers. Blood samples were evaluated for liver (alanine transaminase [ALT] and aspartate transaminase [AST]) and kidney (BUN and creatinine) markers. For measurement of PEC, exhaled, personal, and ambient air samples were collected and analyzed gas chromatography (GC-FID) through the NIOSH 1003 and 3704 methods. Also, the parameters of oxidative stress including the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in B-lymphocytes were evaluated. The results showed that the levels of liver enzymes ALT and AST in dry cleaning workers are higher than in the control group. The personal exposure levels and exhaled air concentration of PEC in dry cleaning workers were above the recommended national occupational exposure limits (OELs) and the biological exposure index (BEI). The levels of ROS, LPO, and GSSG in B-lymphocytes from the dry cleaning workers are higher than the control group, and the levels of GSH in dry cleaning workers are lower. The results suggested that exposure of dry cleaning workers to PEC could be associated with liver damage and oxidative damage in B-lymphocytes.

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Towards sustainable and safe apparel cleaning methods: A review

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Does Use Matter? Comparison of Environmental Impacts of Clothing Based on Fiber Type

Does Use Matter? Comparison of Environmental Impacts of Clothing Based on Fiber Type

Laundry Care Regimes: Do the Practices of Keeping Clothes Clean Have Different Environmental Impacts Based on the Fibre Content?

The perchloroethylene‐induced toxicity in dry cleaning workers lymphocytes through induction of oxidative stress

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