Towards Stable Perovskite Solar Modules Made by Sheet to Sheet and Roll to Roll Fabrication

Giacomo, Francesco Di; Andriessen, Ronn; Doğan, İlker; Verhees, Wiljan; Zardetto, Valerio; Burgess, Claire H.; Najafi, Meherdad; Zhang, Dong; Gorter, Harrie; Fledderus, Henri; Vries, Ike de; Lifka, H.; Galagan, Yulia; Aernouts, Tom; Creatore, M.; Groen, Pim; Veenstra, Sjoerd; Kirchner, Gerwin

doi:10.29363/nanoge.hopv.2019.068

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“…[50] By utilizing slot-die-coating to deposit the SnO 2 layer, PSCs with moderate PCEs over 17% and 13% for small-area devices and mini-modules, respectively, have been reported. [162][163][164] Whitaker et al [162] fabricated PSCs with a PCE close to 18%, and Di Giacomo et al [165] scaled this method, fabricating mini-modules (aperture area of 144 cm 2 ) with a PCE of 13.8%, in which both groups employed SnO 2 NPs dispersed in alcohol or water solutions as ink formulations. At present, rather than the incapability of slot-die-processed SnO 2 ESLs, the main reason behind this PCE gap between small and large-area devices is arguably the lack of efficient, low-cost, and Images for "Spin-coating", "Spray-coating", "Slot-die coating", "Blade coating", and "Chemical bath deposition": Reproduced with permission.…”

Section: Slot-die and Blade-coating Of Colloidal Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tin Oxide Electron‐Selective Layers for Efficient, Stable, and Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2021

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a promising photovoltaic (PV) technology, where the evolution of the electron‐selective layers (ESLs), an integral part of any PV device, has played a distinctive role to their progress. To date, the mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2)/compact TiO2 stack has been among the most used ESLs in state‐of‐the‐art PSCs. However, this material requires high‐temperature sintering and may induce hysteresis under operational conditions, raising concerns about its use toward commercialization. Recently, tin oxide (SnO2) has emerged as an attractive alternative ESL, thanks to its wide bandgap, high optical transmission, high carrier mobility, suitable band alignment with perovskites, and decent chemical stability. Additionally, its low‐temperature processability enables compatibility with temperature‐sensitive substrates, and thus flexible devices and tandem solar cells. Here, the notable developments of SnO2 as a perovskite‐relevant ESL are reviewed with emphasis placed on the various fabrication methods and interfacial passivation routes toward champion solar cells with high stability. Further, a techno‐economic analysis of SnO2 materials for large‐scale deployment, together with a processing‐toxicology assessment, is presented. Finally, a perspective on how SnO2 materials can be instrumental in successful large‐scale module and perovskite‐based tandem solar cell manufacturing is provided.

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