Towards Secure and Intelligent Internet of Health Things: A Survey of Enabling Technologies and Applications

Zaman, Umar; Imran,; Mehmood, Faisal; Iqbal, Naeem; Kim, Jungsuk; Ibrahim, Muhammad

doi:10.3390/electronics11121893

Cited by 35 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 307 publications

(269 reference statements)

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“…To ensure the privacy and security of patients’ data blockchain technology has been introduced to make it invincible. Many experts endorse the vulnerability of IoT-based health systems and consider blockchain technology as a viable solution to potential threats [ 79 ]. Blockchain has several inherent features such as decentralized applications, immutability, trust, transparency, and provenance [ 80 ].…”

Section: Metaverse Healthcare Advantages and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metaverse in Healthcare Integrated with Explainable AI and Blockchain: Enabling Immersiveness, Ensuring Trust, and Providing Patient Data Security

Ali

Abdullah

Armand

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Digitization and automation have always had an immense impact on healthcare. It embraces every new and advanced technology. Recently the world has witnessed the prominence of the metaverse which is an emerging technology in digital space. The metaverse has huge potential to provide a plethora of health services seamlessly to patients and medical professionals with an immersive experience. This paper proposes the amalgamation of artificial intelligence and blockchain in the metaverse to provide better, faster, and more secure healthcare facilities in digital space with a realistic experience. Our proposed architecture can be summarized as follows. It consists of three environments, namely the doctor’s environment, the patient’s environment, and the metaverse environment. The doctors and patients interact in a metaverse environment assisted by blockchain technology which ensures the safety, security, and privacy of data. The metaverse environment is the main part of our proposed architecture. The doctors, patients, and nurses enter this environment by registering on the blockchain and they are represented by avatars in the metaverse environment. All the consultation activities between the doctor and the patient will be recorded and the data, i.e., images, speech, text, videos, clinical data, etc., will be gathered, transferred, and stored on the blockchain. These data are used for disease prediction and diagnosis by explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) models. The GradCAM and LIME approaches of XAI provide logical reasoning for the prediction of diseases and ensure trust, explainability, interpretability, and transparency regarding the diagnosis and prediction of diseases. Blockchain technology provides data security for patients while enabling transparency, traceability, and immutability regarding their data. These features of blockchain ensure trust among the patients regarding their data. Consequently, this proposed architecture ensures transparency and trust regarding both the diagnosis of diseases and the data security of the patient. We also explored the building block technologies of the metaverse. Furthermore, we also investigated the advantages and challenges of a metaverse in healthcare.

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Section: Metaverse Healthcare Advantages and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metaverse in Healthcare Integrated with Explainable AI and Blockchain: Enabling Immersiveness, Ensuring Trust, and Providing Patient Data Security

Ali

Abdullah

Armand

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…Application of sensors and IoT devices has made the healthcare smart enough to invoke the critical care at the right moment with the help of real time processing of health data. Internet of Health Things (IoHT) [103] is termed as IoT enabled healthcare system which implements a patient-centric architecture. It includes precise systems for pain assessment, audio analysis, motion management.…”

Section: Underwater Sensor Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Effect of Heterogeneity on Wireless Sensor Networks: A Topological Perspective

Banerjee

Mandal

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are critical for IoT, smart cities, smart health, and other smart services. Network characteristics such as energy consumption, latency, dependability, and stability have a significant impact on WSN performance. However, the numerous capabilities of the nodes, as well as the adjustment of different properties, result in a heterogeneous network. A proper classification, assessment, and management of this heterogeneity are crucial for a long-term network operation. This article gives a full topological taxonomy of heterogeneity, as well as a detailed discussion on the effect of heterogeneity on many aspects of WSN. Comparative analysis of the effect of heterogeneity on different parameters of network performance establishes the advantage of heterogeneous WSN in modern networks. Different measurement methodologies for the estimation of heterogeneity are included in the paper. Relevance of properly managed heterogeneity in the state-of-the-art technologies are presented as the possible future applications.

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“…As per a report by IDC USA [ 36 ], $1.3 trillion is expected to be globally spent on IoT with projected revenue of $594 billion in the year 2022. With such a promising future, IoT is expanding to conquer many sectors, including smart homes [ 37 , 38 ], smart cities [ 39 , 40 , 41 ], industries [ 42 , 43 , 44 ], agriculture [ 45 , 46 , 47 ], Healthcare [ 48 , 49 ], transportation [ 50 , 51 , 52 ], and various other sectors [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ].…”

Section: Fundamentals Of Internet Of Things-enabled Healthcare Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Authentication in Internet of Things-Enabled Healthcare Systems

Khan

Din

Majali

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The Internet of medical things (IoMT) provides an ecosystem in which to connect humans, devices, sensors, and systems and improve healthcare services through modern technologies. The IoMT has been around for quite some time, and many architectures/systems have been proposed to exploit its true potential. Healthcare through the Internet of things (IoT) is envisioned to be efficient, accessible, and secure in all possible ways. Even though the personalized health service through IoT is not limited to time or location, many associated challenges have emerged at an exponential pace. With the rapid shift toward IoT-enabled healthcare systems, there is an extensive need to examine possible threats and propose countermeasures. Authentication is one of the key processes in a system’s security, where an individual, device, or another system is validated for its identity. This survey explores authentication techniques proposed for IoT-enabled healthcare systems. The exploration of the literature is categorized with respect to the technology deployment region, as in cloud, fog, and edge. A taxonomy of attacks, comprehensive analysis, and comparison of existing authentication techniques opens up possible future directions and paves the road ahead.

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Towards Secure and Intelligent Internet of Health Things: A Survey of Enabling Technologies and Applications

Cited by 35 publications

References 307 publications

Metaverse in Healthcare Integrated with Explainable AI and Blockchain: Enabling Immersiveness, Ensuring Trust, and Providing Patient Data Security

Metaverse in Healthcare Integrated with Explainable AI and Blockchain: Enabling Immersiveness, Ensuring Trust, and Providing Patient Data Security

Review of the Effect of Heterogeneity on Wireless Sensor Networks: A Topological Perspective

A Survey of Authentication in Internet of Things-Enabled Healthcare Systems

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