Towards safer public school buildings in Lebanon: An advocacy for seismic retrofitting initiative

Naja, Mohamad K.; Baytiyeh, Hoda

doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.03.005

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Few of the surveyed school buildings in both Sam Ranizai and Swat Ranizai are unconfined brick or stone masonry and are aged more than 20 years. Retrofitting of these buildings can contribute to risk reduction [61]. The seismic capacity of buildings built from locally available materials without any engineering input needs to be improved to reduce probable losses in future earthquakes [62].…”

Section: Observed Seismic Behavior Of Buildings In Past Earthquakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic vulnerability assessment of building stock of Malakand (Pakistan) using FEMA P-154 method

et al. 2019

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Earthquakes have caused huge infrastructural damages along with loss of lives in the recent past. Continuous subduction of the Indian plate beneath the Eurasian plate has made Pakistan a seismically active region in the world. Malakand, located in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan, is declared at high earthquake risk by the National Disaster Management Authority of Pakistan, warranting a seismic vulnerability assessment study for its existing building stock. Vulnerability assessment of a representative sample of different building use-types was carried out using the rapid visual screening (RVS) procedure of FEMA P-154. The sample size was calculated based on Yamane formula. RVS sheets are used to calculate structural scores, and likely seismogenic damage is depicted as a function of damage grades of European Macro Seismic Scale. Of the building stock inspected, it was observed that almost half of the buildings fall in damage grade 4 and 5, implying a strong probability of heavy structural and non-structural damages in the case of future earthquake occurrence. Government school buildings were found to be less vulnerable than private counterparts. Most of the commercial buildings were not constructed according to building code, making them highly susceptible to damage. Based on the results of vulnerability assessment of building structures, the article recommends implementation of building codes which can lead to a decrease in infrastructural damages and economic losses in the wake of a future seismic event.

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Section: Observed Seismic Behavior Of Buildings In Past Earthquakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic vulnerability assessment of building stock of Malakand (Pakistan) using FEMA P-154 method

et al. 2019

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“…This tectonic activity creates an earthquake hazard for the country. Historically, the major cities of Lebanon along the coastal region have suffered repeatedly from moderate-to-strong earthquakes that have caused massive casualties and destruction (Naja & Baytiyeh, 2014).…”

Section: Lebanon: a Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Disaster Risk Education Reduce the Impacts of Recurring Disasters on Developing Societies?

Baytiyeh

2017

Education and Urban Society

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The impacts of recurring disasters on vulnerable urban societies have been tragic in terms of destruction and fatalities. However, disaster risk education that promotes risk mitigation and disaster preparedness has been shown to be effective in minimizing the impacts of recurring disasters on urban societies. Although the recent integration of disaster risk reduction (DRR) into school curricula in developing countries has improved public awareness about hazards and potential disaster risks, its effectiveness in reducing the impacts of future disasters remains uncertain. This article stresses the potential role of disaster prevention education and argues that, even after substantial effort, significant financial, cultural, and technical barriers remain to integrating DRR into school curricula. This critique provides detailed examples that shed light on both the achievements and the challenges that hinder the integration of disaster risk education into school curricula, focusing on the case study of DRR education in Lebanon.

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“…The high population density of coastal communities and the concentration of lifeline facilities along the Mediterranean coast have increased seismic risks in Lebanon. Ninety percent of Lebanon's population of 4 million is distributed within a band approximately 20 km wide and 200 km long along the Mediterranean coast, and two-thirds of the population is concentrated within 10 km of the coast (Huijer, Harajli, & Sadek, 2011;Naja & Baytiyeh, 2014). The peak ground acceleration (PGA) associated with the severity of ground shaking during an earthquake serves as a quantitative indicator of the existing seismic hazard and the expected level of damage and destruction in the built environment.…”

Section: Earthquake Risk In Lebanonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, geological threats pose much more serious implications that require mitigation policies and a reform of the public emergency-management system. The earthquake threat in Lebanon is a major concern as earthquakes could result in extremely fatal, destructive consequences, wiping out cities and towns and causing tens of thousands of casualties and massive destruction to properties and essential infrastructures (Naja & Baytiyeh, 2014). The lack of a national mitigation policies and emergency preparedness plans and poor collaboration among existing public emergency-response organizations has increased Lebanon's vulnerability to earthquakes and left the country dependent on foreign assistance when responding to disasters (El Sayed, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Lebanon Survive Future Earthquake Disasters by Relying on a Military Response Strategy?

Baytiyeh

Naja

2016

International Journal of Public Administration

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Inefficient responses by civilian emergency organizations during crises have prompted Lebanese authorities to rely on the military for disaster response operations. Although understandable, this reliance might be insufficient to achieve desirable response efficiency. This article demonstrates that neither civilian emergency organizations nor military forces can unilaterally and efficiently handle the response to large-scale disasters, such as earthquakes, without a major restructuring of the current emergency response management. Therefore, this article describes the potential role of the integration of the military and Hezbollah in future response operations and proposes a model to improve the efficiency of future response operations.

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Towards safer public school buildings in Lebanon: An advocacy for seismic retrofitting initiative

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

Seismic vulnerability assessment of building stock of Malakand (Pakistan) using FEMA P-154 method

Seismic vulnerability assessment of building stock of Malakand (Pakistan) using FEMA P-154 method

Can Disaster Risk Education Reduce the Impacts of Recurring Disasters on Developing Societies?

Can Lebanon Survive Future Earthquake Disasters by Relying on a Military Response Strategy?

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