Towards ritualisation: Insights into bone-tempered pottery from the TRB settlement in Kałdus (Poland, 3500–3350 BC)

Kowalski, Łukasz; Weckwerth, Piotr; Chabowski, Marek; Adamczak, Kamil; Jodłowski, Paweł; Szczepańska, Grażyna; Chajduk, Ewelina; Polkowska-Motrenko, Halina; Kozicka, Magdalena; Kukawka, Stanisław

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.10.012

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 21 publications

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“…pISSN 1225-7281 eISSN 2288-7962 자원환경지질, 제55권, 제6호, 571-582, 2022 (Zhushchikhovskaya, 1997;Cho, 2014;Gilmore, 2015;Lee et al, 2019). 이외에도 활석, 흑요석, 토기 분 쇄물, 뼈조각, 기타 유기물 등이 포함된 경우가 보고된 바 있다 (Rice, 2005;Cho, 2013;Palumbi et al, 2014;Kowalski et al, 2020). 벽돌은 과학적 연구사례 자체가 적은 편이지만, 건축재료로 사용되다 보니 첨가물이 벽 돌 물성에 영향을 주는지, 기술적 차이를 나타내는지 검 토해 볼 필요가 있다.…”

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Archaeometric Characterization of Raw Materials and Tempers of Bricks Used in the Brick Tombs during Ungjin Period of Baekje

Jang

Jin

2022

Econ. Environ. Geol.

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In this study, the raw material and tempers of bricks used in three brick tombs built in Gongju, during the Ungjin period of Baekje were investigated. The royal tomb of King Muryeong, the 6th tomb in the royal tombs, and Kyochonri brick tomb remained in Gongju and the bricks of each site had different shape and physical properties despite their similarity in raw materials. As the results of the mineralogical and microstructural analysis, the bricks of the royal tombs were made of refined raw materials, and were infrequently added crushed bricks(grogs) as a tempering material. On the other hand, thick and elongated pores of bricks from the Kyochonri brick tomb were frequently found, and the remains of plant carbonization are observed in their microstructures. Since the pores are mainly distributed in a thickness of 0.3 to 1 mm, it is estimated that bricks were produced by adding a certain size of the plant to refined soil, and grogs also were added as a tempering material. In particular, it was found that adding plants and grogs in raw materials of bricks caused thick pores or cracks in the internal structure. Since the bricks of the Kyochonri brick tomb have internal cracks and low firing temperature, the ultrasonic velocity of the bricks was lower than that of the royal tomb bricks. It means that the mechanical strength of these bricks were relatively low. Accordingly, it is estimated that the tempering materials, firing temperature, and internal structures of bricks can affect durability of the brick, and it can be thought as a difference in the manufacturing technology of brick making.

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