Towards redefining the concept of legacy in relation to sport mega-events: Insights from the 2010 FIFA World Cup

The nation branding opportunities provided by a sport mega-event: South Africa and the 2010 FIFA World Cup

“…This has led to a shift in emphasis from mostly short-term, pre-and post-event quantitative measurements to assess event impacts, to include a broader assessment of legacy that necessarily requires a longer time-frame of measurement. Although there is debate as to the timing and manner of legacy measurements, with authors noting this could be conducted from the event bid period up until twenty years post the event (Cornelissen, Bob & Swart, 2011). An assessment of event leveraging would also be linked more to this legacy measurement, as leveraging can relate to short-term or immediate activities by event hosts or long-term activities, both before and after the event has taken place (Chalip, 2004).…”

The Total Economic Value of Sport Tourism in Belt and Road Development—An Environmental Perspective

“…Thus, this study only estimates non-use for the option value. Legacy results from changes to a host city's structures, and may only be felt long after the event [22], and should therefore be evaluated for at least 20 years after the event [4]. However, the Swimming Carnival Event of Sun-Moon Lake recurs annually.…”

“…Sports events are always associated with an increase of tourists to a host city [4]. The new and rebuilt infrastructure attracts domestic and international tourists to the hosting city [5][6][7][8][9][10], and so do the small-scale sporting events [11].…”

“…The Sun-Moon Lake Swimming Carnival Event is a recreational activity for swimmers, so this event belongs to soft sport tourism and is combined with natural landscape trips. Soft sport tourism generates relatively high benefits for a host city [17], since tourism activities may increase long-term economic growth in the host city [4].…”

Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park: an assessment of the 2012 London Games Legacies

“…In fact, although other events such as the Expos (Dimanche 1996), or minor sports events as the Commonwealth Games (inter alia: Smith and Fox 2007;Matheson 2010;Nichols andRalston 2012), or World Cups (i.e. Preuss 2007;Cornelissen et al 2011) have been explored, research is now focusing mainly on the Olympics' impacts (Gold and Gold 2008;Cashman 2006;Ritchie 2000;Girginov 2011). …”