Towards reconstruction of epithelialized cartilages from autologous adipose tissue-derived stem cells

Abstract

Deformities of the upper airways, including those of the nose and throat, are typically corrected by reconstructive surgery. The use of autologous somatic stem cells for repair of defects could improve quality and outcomes of such operations. The present study explored the ability of paediatric adipose-derived stem cells (pADSCs), a readily available source of autologous stem cells, to generate a cartilage construct with a functional epithelium. Paediatric ADSCs seeded on the biodegradable nanocomposite polymer, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane poly(ϵ-caprolactone-urea) urethane (POSS-PCL), proliferated and differentiated towards mesenchymal lineages. The ADSCs infiltrated three-dimensional POSS-PCL nanoscaffold and chondroid matrix was observed throughout chondrogenically induced samples. In ovo chorioallantoic membrane-grafted ADSC-nanoscaffold composites were enwrapped by host vessels indicating good compatibility in an in vivo system. Furthermore, pADSCs could be induced to transdifferentiate towards barrier-forming epithelial-like cells. By combining differentiation protocols, it was possible to generate epithelial cell lined chondrogenic micromasses from the same pADSC line. This proof-of-concept study appears to be the first to demonstrate that individual pADSC lines can differentiate towards two different germ lines and be successfully co-cultured. This has important implications for bioengineering of paediatric airways and further confirms the plastic nature of ADSCs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Adipose derived stem cells and platelet rich plasma improve the tissue integration and angiogenesis of biodegradable scaffolds for soft tissue regeneration

“…One highly tested synthetic polymer for adipose regeneration is Poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL), a biocompatible and biodegradable FDA approved polymer for medical devices [3]. Our group have modified PCL with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticles to improve its hydrophobicity and inertness to form a nanocomposite polymer called POSS-PCL [4][5][6][7]. We have shown that POSS-PCL can support cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation acting as an effective scaffold to support cell survival [4][5][6][7].…”

“…Our group have modified PCL with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticles to improve its hydrophobicity and inertness to form a nanocomposite polymer called POSS-PCL [4][5][6][7]. We have shown that POSS-PCL can support cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation acting as an effective scaffold to support cell survival [4][5][6][7]. However, a successful biodegradable scaffold for adipose tissue engineering must integrate with the surrounding host tissue by integrating by laying down extracellular matrix and angiogenesis without causing an immune response or capsule formation to degrade effectively with time.…”

Three-dimensional environment and vascularization induce osteogenic maturation of human adipose-derived stem cells comparable to that of bone-derived progenitors

“…Act 1986 using fertilized brown Leghorn eggs (Needle Farm, UK) as previously described. 25 Pediatric hADSCs encapsulated in 2 mm fibrin scaffolds were cultured in control or osteogenic differentiation media for 2, 3, or 4 weeks prior to CAM grafting for 7 days and analyzed in parallel with scaffolds maintained in culture for the total length of the experiment (3,4, and 5 weeks). Cells from three different patient lines were used (n ≥ 3 per line for each condition).…”

Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

“…The successful isolation of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) from adipose tissue with these devices has already been seen in a number of clinical trials and treatments for tissue repair. Although much advancement in ADSC research has been made in the last few years, more innovation in successful ADSC translation is needed [4][5][6][7].…”