Towards random-honest miners selection and multi-blocks creation: Proof-of-negotiation consensus mechanism in blockchain networks

Feng, Jingyu; Zhao, Xinyu; Chen, Kexuan; Zhao, Feng; Zhang, Guanghua

doi:10.1016/j.future.2019.11.026

Cited by 38 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A blockchain can be regarded as a digital ledger of transactions which is duplicated and distributed across the network of various supply chain parties [40,41]. With the blockchain structure of the hash of a previous block, the timestamp and the Merkle root as a proof of work, the supply chain parties involving in the transactions can record and publish their transaction records in a distributed and shared ledger in a secure and immutable way because their transaction records are hashed, timestamped and stored in a blockchain, confirming the transactions by the consensus mechanism in the blockchain network [42], imposing impossibility for hackers to reverse the blockchain's entire historical transaction records under the scrutiny of all the users (i.e., supply chain parties) who can access the distributed and shared ledger [43], articulating the decentralization without the presence of a third party (e.g., government authority, clearing house and central bank) [44,45], and providing auditability and transparency of keeping transaction records in the blockchain network [10].…”

Section: Sustainability Of Blockchains In Supply Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The security of blockchain is guaranteed by the elimination of data tempering because the data are decentralized and distributed among the blockchain users [77], the adoption of encryption technology to prevent information theft and modification [78] and the consensus mechanism [79]. The consensus mechanism establishes trust among the blockchain users [42]. The shareability of blockchain is featured by distributing the transaction records (e.g., supply chain legal and contracting records) to all supply chain parties involved in the transactions.…”

Section: Literature About Applicability Of Blockchain In Supply Chainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Technical Sustainability of Cloud-Based Blockchain Integrated with Machine Learning for Supply Chain Management

Wong

Yeung²,

Lau

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Knowing the challenges of keeping and manipulating more and more immutable transaction records in a blockchain network of various supply chain parties and the opportunities of leveraging sophisticated analyses on the big data generated from these records, design of a robust blockchain architecture based on a cloud infrastructure is proposed. This paper presents this technical design with consideration of the technical sustainability in terms of scalability and big data processing and analytics. A case study was used to illustrate how the technical sustainability is achieved by applying the proposed technical design to the real-time detection of the maritime risk management. This case also illustrates how machine learning mechanism helps to reduce maritime risk by guiding a cargo ship to adjust to the planned or safe route from a detour to a danger zone. This paper also discusses the implications for further research direction.

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Section: Sustainability Of Blockchains In Supply Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature About Applicability Of Blockchain In Supply Chainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Sustainability of Cloud-Based Blockchain Integrated with Machine Learning for Supply Chain Management

Wong

Yeung²,

Lau

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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“…Blockchain can provide a wide range of benefits for IoT. Feng et al [28] said consensus is one of the key features of Blockchain networks. Also, the mechanism of traditional consensus algorithms mechanisms is such that it may provide opportunities for attackers to attack system denials to miners.…”

Section: Research Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Blockchain-Based Voting System for E-Elections in Totalitarian States

shafiabadi¹

2021

AJBOR

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The purpose of the present research was to introduce a blockchain-based voting system so that any state, including totalitarian states, can show interest in using it. In this method, a hybrid voting system with two centralized and distributed systems was used. Its centralized system is one of the most common voter identification and polling models, and its distributed system, which is designed with Ethereum public blockchain, is voting for voters. Totalitarian states are not interested in announcing the results online. Also, the lack of trust in E-voting systems by both states and voters has led to E-voting in important political elections in most states as support for manual or paper voting. Based on the results of field research with this voting system, it was possible to create a 7 min break between the end of the voting process and the announcement of the results for political considerations. This break can be increased by agreement. The results of the votes cannot be manipulated in any way. Survey results should also be communicated to voters before the voting process. This voting system can improve the level of democracy and maximum participation. It is hoped that the spread of distributed technologies, especially the blockchain, will pave the way for the spread of justice and democracy around the world.

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“…Other alternative consensus mechanisms such as creditbased PoW [9], proof of reputation (PoR) [27] and proof of negotiation (PoN) [6], have been also proposed in the literature. PoR studies a two-chain architecture to construct the reputation of nodes in a separate chain and the next block generator is determined by the reputation chain [27].…”

Section: Ralated Work 21 Blockchain and Consensus Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In PoN, the trustworthiness of miners are evaluated and a random-honest miner is selected based on negotiation rules. The PoN investigates parallel multi-block creation method to achieve high efficiency than traditional consensus mechanisms in one-by-one block creation [6]. To date, PoW remains the most popular and widely accepted choice [7].…”

Section: Ralated Work 21 Blockchain and Consensus Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proof of Learning (PoLe): Empowering Machine Learning with Consensus Building on Blockchains

Lan,

Liu,

2020

Preprint

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The progress of deep learning (DL), especially the recent development of automatic design of networks, has brought unprecedented performance gains at heavy computational cost. On the other hand, blockchain systems routinely perform a huge amount of computation that does not achieve practical purposes in order to build Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus from decentralized participants. In this paper, we propose a new consensus mechanism, Proof of Learning (PoLe), which directs the computation spent for consensus toward optimization of neural networks (NN). In our mechanism, the training/testing data are released to the entire blockchain network (BCN) and the consensus nodes train NN models on the data, which serves as the proof of learning. When the consensus on the BCN considers a NN model to be valid, a new block is appended to the blockchain. We experimentally compare the PoLe protocol with Proof of Work (PoW) and show that PoLe can achieve a more stable block generation rate, which leads to more efficient transaction processing. We also introduce a novel cheating prevention mechanism, Secure Mapping Layer (SML), which can be straightforwardly implemented as a linear NN layer. Empirical evaluation shows that SML can detect cheating nodes at small cost to the predictive performance. CCS CONCEPTS• Security and privacy → Security protocols; • Information systems → Computing platforms.

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Towards random-honest miners selection and multi-blocks creation: Proof-of-negotiation consensus mechanism in blockchain networks

Cited by 38 publications

References 14 publications

Technical Sustainability of Cloud-Based Blockchain Integrated with Machine Learning for Supply Chain Management

Technical Sustainability of Cloud-Based Blockchain Integrated with Machine Learning for Supply Chain Management

A Blockchain-Based Voting System for E-Elections in Totalitarian States

Proof of Learning (PoLe): Empowering Machine Learning with Consensus Building on Blockchains

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