Towards promising antimicrobial alternatives: The future of bacteriophage research and development in Saudi Arabia

Alsaadi, Ahlam; Imam, Mohammed; Alghamdi, Abdulrahman; Alghoribi, Majed F.

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2022.10.022

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 66 publications

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“…Antibiotic resistance is rapidly spreading around the world and the situation is rapidly deteriorating, rendering current antimicrobial medications ineffective [ 1 - 5 ]. Each year, antibiotic-resistant bacteria infect approximately two million people worldwide, resulting in at least 23,000 deaths [ 6 - 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HPLC, NMR Based Characterization, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Chemical Constituents from Therapeutically Active Fungal Endophytes

Shah,

Khan,

Nisa

et al. 2024

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

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Fungi generate different metabolites some of which are intrinsically bioactive and could therefore serve as templates for drug development. In the current study, six endophytic fungi namely Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus tubigenesis , Aspergillus oryzae , Penicillium oxalicum , Aspergillus niger , and Aspergillus brasiliensis were isolated and identified from the medicinal plant, Silybum marianum . These endophytic fungi were identified through intra transcribed sequence (ITS) gene sequencing. The bioactive potentials of fungal extracts were investigated using several bioassays such as antibacterial activity by well-diffusion, MIC, MBC, anti-biofilm, antioxidant, and haemolysis. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 was used to determine the antibiofilm activity. The ethyl acetate extract of Aspergillus flavus showed strong to moderate efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , P. aeruginosa , and Bacillus spizizenii . Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus brasiliensis exhibited significant antibiofilm activity with IC 50 at 4.02 and 3.63 mg/ml, while A. flavus exhibited maximum antioxidant activity of 50.8%. Based on HPLC, LC-MS, and NMR experiments kojic acid (1) and carbamic acid (methylene-4, 1-phenylene) bis-dimethyl ester (2) were identified from A. flavus . Kojic acid exhibited DPPH free radical scavenging activity with an IC 50 value of 99.3 μg/ml and moderate activity against ovarian teratocarcinoma (CH1), colon carcinoma (SW480), and non-small cell lung cancer (A549) cell lines. These findings suggest that endophytic fungi are able to produce promising bioactive compounds which deserve further investigation.

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