Towards Probing the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background in All Flavors

Abstract

Fully understanding the average core-collapse supernova requires detecting the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB) in all flavors. While the DSNB νe flux is near detection, and the DSNB νe flux has a good upper limit and promising prospects for improved sensitivity, the DSNB νx (each of νµ, ντ , νµ, ντ ) flux has a poor limit and heretofore had no clear path for improved sensitivity. We show that a succession of xenon-based dark matter detectors -XENON1T (completed), XENONnT (under construction), and DARWIN (proposed) -can dramatically improve sensitivity to DSNB νx the neutrino-nucleus coherent scattering channel. XENON1T could match the present sensitivity of ∼ 10 3 cm −2 s −1 per νx flavor, XENONnT would have linear improvement of sensitivity with exposure, and a long run of DARWIN could reach a flux sensitivity of ∼ 10 cm −2 s −1 . Together, these would also contribute to greatly improve bounds on non-standard scenarios. Ultimately, to reach the standard flux range of ∼ 1 cm −2 s −1 , even larger exposures will be needed, which we show may be possible with the series of proposed lead-based RES-NOVA detectors.

The present and future status of heavy neutral leptons

“…-Assuming non-typical supernovae explosion with a various neutrino spectra, limits for total emitted energy might be extended (see [710]), spoiling the energy loss argument.…”

Snowmass white paper: beyond the standard model effects on neutrino flavor

“…Although backgrounds affecting the detection of this flux are large, the enrichment of Super-Kamiokande with gadolinium should dramatically reduce them and make detection of νe from the DSNB an actual possibility [486,[605][606][607][608][609][610][611]. In the future, Hyper-Kamiokande [485], DUNE [235] and JUNO [236] could detect both νe and ν e ; and together with dark matter detectors put an upper bound on contributions from other flavors [612,613]. Both the generic DSNB detection as well as its flavor content would bring about interesting physics studies [337,338,612,614].…”

Snowmass White Paper: Beyond the Standard Model effects on Neutrino Flavor

“…Although backgrounds affecting the detection of this flux are large, the enrichment of Super-Kamiokande with gadolinium should dramatically reduce them and make detection of νe from the DSNB an actual possibility [484,[598][599][600][601][602][603][604]. In the future, Hyper-Kamiokande [483], DUNE [233] and JUNO [234] could detect both νe and ν e ; and together with dark matter detectors put an upper bound on contributions from other flavors [605,606]. Both the generic DSNB detection as well as its flavor content would bring about interesting physics studies [335,336,605,607].…”