Towards Practical Store-Carry-Forward Networking: Examples and Issues

Abstract

SUMMARYIn the evolution of wireless networks such as wireless sensor networks, mobile ad-hoc networks, and delay/disruption tolerant networks, the Store-Carry-Forward (SCF) message relaying paradigm has been commonly featured and studied with much attention. SCF networking is essential for offsetting the deficiencies of intermittent and range limited communication environments because it allows moving wireless communication nodes to act as "mobile relay nodes". Such relay nodes can store/carry/process messages, wait for a better opportunity for transmission, and finally forward the messages to other nodes. This paper starts with a short overview of SCF routing and then examines two SCF networking scenarios. The first one deals with large content delivery across multiple islands using existing infrastructural transportation networks (e.g., cars and ferries) in which mobility is uncontrollable from an SCF viewpoint. Simulations show how a simple coding technique can improve flooding-based SCF. The other scenario looks at a prototype system of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for high-quality video surveillance from the sky in which mobility is partially controllable from an SCF viewpoint. Three requisite techniques in this scenario are highlighted -fast link setup, millimeter wave communications, and use of multiple links. Through these examples, we discuss the benefits and issues of the practical use of SCF networking-based systems. key words: store-carry-forward, vehicular ad-hoc networks, wireless sensor networks, UAV, delay tolerant networks

BRT: Bus-Based Routing Technique in Urban Vehicular Networks

“…Temporal distance from the bus i to the bus The mobility of OTVs is to a large extent unpredictable and uncontrollable from a store-carry and forward viewpoint [28]. Thus, we propose to avoid using the store-carry and forward strategy for OTVs, as much as possible (except for the isolated OTV scenario which will be described later in the paper).…”

Bio-inspired Probabilistic Opportunistic Routing for Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks Using A Hybrid Swarm Approach

“…For DTNs, Store-Carry-Forward (SCF) serves as the default VDTN routing mechanism: SCF relies on predefined data replication parameters to determine the forwarding decision for buffered bundles. It is also linked to a custom buffer management policy that helps maintain an effective balance between buffer time and bundle replication speed, thereby improving the overall Qualit-of-service (QoS) performances [3].…”

An experimental study on digital twin computing for cloud-based remote path tracking control of unmanned vehicle

“…Recently, autonomous driving of unmanned vehicles (UVs) has been attracting attention to realize useful applications, such as patrol vehicles [1] and goods delivery vehicles [2]. Remote control by a cloud server (CS) is effective to autonomously control a large number of UVs efficiently.…”