Towards new applications of ion tracks

Zollondz, J.-H.; Weidinger, A.

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2004.03.011

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The tracks can be selectively etched to produce nanochannels that, in turn, can be refilled with inorganic or organic substances having a number of promising applications. 7,8 It is expected that in transparent crystals, e.g., LiNbO 3 , the occurrence of amorphous tracks with a much lower refractive index than that of the surrounding crystalline material should have relevant implications on photonic performance, provided that control of morphology is achieved. Actually, in the track overlapping regime, an alternative route for the fabrication of good quality high-index jump optical waveguides 9 has been demonstrated with fluences of ϳ10 14 -10 15 cm −2 , two orders of magnitude lower than with light-ion implantation.…”

Section: Instituto De Optica Csic C/serrano 121 28006 Madrid Spainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical determination of three-dimensional nanotrack profiles generated by single swift-heavy ion impacts in lithium niobate

Olivares

García-Navarro²,

Garcı́a³

et al. 2006

Applied Physics Letters

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Three-dimensional (3D) profiles of single nanotracks generated by a low impact density of Cl ions at 46MeV have been determined by optical methods, using an effective-medium approach. The buried location of the maximum stopping power induces a surface optical waveguiding layer even at ultralow fluences (1011–1013at.∕cm2) that allows to obtain the effective refractive index profiles (from dark-mode measurements). Combining the optical information with Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy/channeling experiments, the existence of a surrounding defective halo around the amorphous track core has been ascertained. The 3D profile of the halo has also been determined.

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Section: Instituto De Optica Csic C/serrano 121 28006 Madrid Spainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical determination of three-dimensional nanotrack profiles generated by single swift-heavy ion impacts in lithium niobate

Olivares

García-Navarro²,

Garcı́a³

et al. 2006

Applied Physics Letters

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“…On the other hand, the tracks can be etched in a suitable chemical agent to produce pores or nanochannels that, in turn, can be refilled with inorganic or organic substances. There is a number of applications of the ion track technology developed, going from fissionfragment dosimetry, to molecular sieves, and to a vari-ety of electronic and magnetic devices [5][6][7][8]. Porous layers of SiO 2 , a thermally stable and chemically resistant material, can find applications in environments where plastic membranes are not applicable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etched track morphology in SiO₂irradiated with swift heavy ions

Komarov¹,

Власукова²,

Kuchinskyi³

et al. 2009

Lithuanian J. Phys.

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We examined pore formation in thermally oxidized silicon wafers (SiO2 / Si) by means of swift heavy ion irradiation followed by chemical etching of latent track zones in SiO2 matrix. The samples were irradiated with 710 MeV Bi up to the fluences of (1-5)·108 and 5·10 10 cm −2 . Afterwards the targets were etched in the dilute solutions of hydrofluoric acid for various durations. Scanning electron microscopy was used to probe the processed samples. From the geometric parameters of the pores the etch rate Vt of the tracks and the etch rate V b of bulk a-SiO2 were estimated. The etching behaviour and morphology of the etched tracks has been found to change markedly with fluence. Mutual influence of tracks at their higher densities was analysed in terms of radiation-induced modifications of material around the ion path. It was shown that the morphology of etched tracks did not change after the annealing at 900• C for 30 min.

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“…Each track is associated with a single ion impact and presents [12,13] an isotropic refractive index (n a = 2.10 at = 633 nm). It has been shown [14] that for LiNbO 3 and many other oxides the radius R c ͑z͒ of the track at a depth z increases monotonically with the stopping power S e ͑z͒ Ͼ S th . If the irradiation parameters are chosen in such a way that S e increases with depth up to a certain maximum and then decreases, one expects tracks [13] whose crosssectional area has the profile illustrated in Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nonlinear optical waveguides generated in lithium niobate by swift-ion irradiation at ultralow fluences

et al. 2007

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A novel method to produce optical waveguides is demonstrated for lithium niobate ͑LiNbO 3 ͒. It is based on electronic excitation damage by swift ions, i.e., with energies at approximately 1 MeV/ amu or above. The new technique uses high-energy medium-mass ions, such as Cl, with electronic stopping powers above the threshold value for amorphization ͑5-6 keV/nm͒, reaching the maximum value a few micrometers inside the crystal. At the ultralow fluence regime ͑10 12 -10 13 cm −2 ͒ an effective nanostructured medium is obtained that behaves as an optical waveguide where light propagates transversally to the amorphous nanotracks created by every single impact. The method implies a reduction of 4 orders of magnitude with respect to He implantation. The optical waveguides present reasonable losses ͑ϳ10 dB/ cm͒ and significant secondharmonic generation (SHG) and electro-optic (EO) responses (Ͼ50% bulk) for the lowest fluences. © 2007 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 130.3730, 130.4310, 160.3730, 190.4390. Ion implantation [1] of light ions (H, He) at energies of 1 -3 MeV is a well-known procedure to fabricate optical waveguides and integrated optics devices on dielectric crystals [2]. The physical basis is the disorder and partial or full amorphization of the crystal at the end of the ion range caused by nuclear collisions between the incoming ions and the atoms of the material. A main disadvantage is that the required ion fluence (and therefore irradiation time) to achieve amorphization is very high ͑10 16 -10 17 cm −2 ͒. This feature has hindered the routine commercial use of ion implantation, so cheaper and simpler methods such as metal in-diffusion [3,4] or proton-exchange [5,6] are mostly used for LiNbO 3 . This crystal has been used in the present work since it is still a reference material in photonics for electro-optic (EO) and nonlinear optical applications [7]. Recently, the use of heavier ions and higher energies to induce damage and amorphization via electronic excitations has started to be explored. A method to produce high index-jump optical waveguides producing thick buried amorphous layers by accumulation of (subthreshold) electronic damage with moderate fluences ͑ϳ10 14 cm −2 ͒ was demonstrated in LiNbO 3 [8] and KGW [9] and is an alternative to light ion implantation.The purpose of this Letter is to go a step further and report on a novel method to fabricate a nanostructured effective medium for LiNbO 3 that acts as an optical waveguide. It dramatically reduces the required ion fluences down to ϳ10 12 cm −2 , while essentially keeping the nonlinear optical performance. The physical basis is as follows: Irradiation with mediummass ions having sufficiently high energy so that their electronic stopping power ͑S e ͒ is above a certain threshold value (S th Ϸ 5 -6 keV/ nm for LiNbO 3 ) generates amorphous tracks with a nanometric diameter [10][11][12][13]. Each track is associated with a single ion impact and presents [12,13] an isotropic refractive index (n a = 2.10 at = 633 nm). It has been show...

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Towards new applications of ion tracks

Cited by 24 publications

References 6 publications

Optical determination of three-dimensional nanotrack profiles generated by single swift-heavy ion impacts in lithium niobate

Optical determination of three-dimensional nanotrack profiles generated by single swift-heavy ion impacts in lithium niobate

Etched track morphology in SiO₂irradiated with swift heavy ions

Nonlinear optical waveguides generated in lithium niobate by swift-ion irradiation at ultralow fluences

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Towards new applications of ion tracks

Cited by 24 publications

References 6 publications

Optical determination of three-dimensional nanotrack profiles generated by single swift-heavy ion impacts in lithium niobate

Optical determination of three-dimensional nanotrack profiles generated by single swift-heavy ion impacts in lithium niobate

Etched track morphology in SiO2irradiated with swift heavy ions

Nonlinear optical waveguides generated in lithium niobate by swift-ion irradiation at ultralow fluences

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Etched track morphology in SiO₂irradiated with swift heavy ions