Towards natural water cycle in urban areas: Modelling stormwater management designs

Khadka, Ambika; Kokkonen, Teemu; Niemi, Tero; Lähde, Elisa; Sillanpää, Nora; Koivusalo, Harri

doi:10.1080/1573062x.2019.1700285

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Likewise, the most recent flood risk management plans for the Helsinki region (Jaakonaho et al, 2015) and the whole country (Parjanne et al, 2018) focus mostly on the impacts of coastal flooding caused by extreme sea level and on river floods. Furthermore, urban stormwater runoff and management of pluvial flooding in Finland have been considered in several papers (e.g., Valtanen et al, 2014;Khadka et al, 2020). However, the combined effects from simultaneous high sea level and extreme precipitation have rarely been assessed.…”

Section: The Relevance Of Compounding Extreme Precipitation and High Sea Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of joint heavy precipitation and high sea level events on the Finnish coast in 1961–2020

Rantanen

Jylhä

Särkkä

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Simultaneous heavy precipitation with high sea level can lead to more severe flooding than if the hazards occur individually. In recent years, the significance of compound flooding has gained attention in many coastal areas, but studies on compound flooding in Finland are still lacking. In this paper, we investigate the co-occurrence of heavy precipitation and high sea level events (hereafter compound events) on the Finnish coast, because the simultaneous occurrence of these events can be considered as an indicator for compound flooding. We use daily sea level observations from tide gauges and gridded precipitation data to extract the days when both sea level and precipitation are extreme on the same day. Reanalysis data is used to derive composite maps of the compound events, and these maps are then qualitatively compared to the maps of non-compound events (i.e. when only one of the two variables is extreme alone). Finally, the dependence of the compound events on monthly indices of different atmospheric circulation patterns such as North Atlantic Oscillation is studied with correlation analysis. Our results show that the occurrence of the compound events is mostly controlled by sea level variability, with climatologically the most compound events taking place in autumn and winter. In addition to a large inter-annual variability of the compound events, statistically significant increasing trends were observed at some tide gauges, especially in the Bothnian Bay. The composite maps of meteorological variables indicate that the compound events are associated with strong extratropical cyclones which bring moisture and push the storm surge towards the coast. In average, the compound events are associated with stronger winds near the tide gauges than those events when only sea level or precipitation is extreme alone. Finally, we found that a negative phase of Scandinavian pattern (i.e. upper-level through over Scandinavia) is the most favorable atmospheric circulation pattern for the occurrence of compound events, in particular during autumn.

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Section: The Relevance Of Compounding Extreme Precipitation and High Sea Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of joint heavy precipitation and high sea level events on the Finnish coast in 1961–2020

Rantanen

Jylhä

Särkkä

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Swales, also called bioswales, bio-retention basins, and ecology ditch, are excavated lands backfilled with a vegetated surface layer and a filter intermediate layer upon natural soils to pond rainwater for subsequent infiltration (Figure 9) [143]. The filler in the excavated bowl is the storage zone to retain rainwater [144].…”

Section: Swalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Flooding Mitigation Techniques: A Systematic Review and Future Studies

Qin

2020

Water

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Urbanization has replaced natural permeable surfaces with roofs, roads, and other sealed surfaces, which convert rainfall into runoff that finally is carried away by the local sewage system. High intensity rainfall can cause flooding when the city sewer system fails to carry the amounts of runoff offsite. Although projects, such as low-impact development and water-sensitive urban design, have been proposed to retain, detain, infiltrate, harvest, evaporate, transpire, or re-use rainwater on-site, urban flooding is still a serious, unresolved problem. This review sequentially discusses runoff reduction facilities installed above the ground, at the ground surface, and underground. Mainstream techniques include green roofs, non-vegetated roofs, permeable pavements, water-retaining pavements, infiltration trenches, trees, rainwater harvest, rain garden, vegetated filter strip, swale, and soakaways. While these techniques function differently, they share a common characteristic; that is, they can effectively reduce runoff for small rainfalls but lead to overflow in the case of heavy rainfalls. In addition, most of these techniques require sizable land areas for construction. The end of this review highlights the necessity of developing novel, discharge-controllable facilities that can attenuate the peak flow of urban runoff by extending the duration of the runoff discharge.

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“…Losses refer to water lost from the system in the form of evaporation and infiltration. The SWMM model was first parameterized for the case study area in its current state, with the model subsequently being calibrated against two rainfall-runoff events (SC1 and SC2) and validated against one rainfall-runoff event (SV1) measured on-site between October 2017 and January 2018 [50]. The performance of the SWMM model was evaluated using the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) [51].…”

Section: Water Quantity and Quality Assessment Through Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performance of the SWMM model was evaluated using the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) [51]. The calibrated model was then applied to the three SUDS scenarios presented in Tables 4 and 5 using SUDS parameters adopted from studies conducted in Finland [50].…”

Section: Water Quantity and Quality Assessment Through Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performance of the ANFIS model was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) and the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). The rainfall data available for event AT1 was used to simulate the discharge output for the current and three SUDS scenarios with the calibrated SWMM model [50]. Subsequently, the trained and tested ANFIS model was used to predict turbidity for the three SUDS scenarios for event AT1.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Can We Really Have It All?—Designing Multifunctionality with Sustainable Urban Drainage System Elements

et al. 2019

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Multifunctionality is seen as one of the key benefits delivered by sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS). It has been promoted by both scientific research and practical guidelines. However, interrelations between different benefits are vaguely defined, thus highlighting a lack of knowledge on ways they could be promoted in the actual design process. In this research, multifunctionality has been studied with the help of scenario analysis. Three stormwater scenarios involving different range of SUDS elements have been designed for the case area of Kirstinpuisto in the city of Turku, Finland. Thereafter, the alternative design scenarios have been assessed with four criteria related to multifunctionality (water quantity, water quality, amenity, and biodiversity). The results showed that multifunctionality could be analyzed in the design phase itself, and thus provided knowingly. However, assessing amenity and biodiversity values is more complex and in addition, we still lack proper methods. As the four criteria have mutual interconnections, multifunctionality should be considered during the landscape architectural design, or else we could likely lose some benefits related to multifunctionality. This reinforces emerging understanding that an interdisciplinary approach is needed to combine ecological comprehension together with the system thinking into SUDS design, locating them not as individual elements or as a part of the treatment train, but in connection with wider social ecological framework of urban landscape.

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Towards natural water cycle in urban areas: Modelling stormwater management designs

Cited by 22 publications

References 29 publications

Characteristics of joint heavy precipitation and high sea level events on the Finnish coast in 1961–2020

Characteristics of joint heavy precipitation and high sea level events on the Finnish coast in 1961–2020

Urban Flooding Mitigation Techniques: A Systematic Review and Future Studies

Can We Really Have It All?—Designing Multifunctionality with Sustainable Urban Drainage System Elements

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