“…The operationalization of agro-ecology is contextdependent (see Section 2). Agro-ecological practices that are considered essential in degraded agricultural lands, also in order to restore soils, include diversification (Kremen, Iles, Bacon, & Bacon, 2012;Kremen & Miles, 2012;Pala, Ryan, Zhang, Singh, & Harris, 2007;Sánchez et al, 2014), tree management (Pearson, 2007;Rigueiro Rodríguez, McAdam, & Mosquera-Losada, 2009; Sánchez et al, 2014; Sayer et al, 2013), soil management (Abawi, Thurston, & Thurston, 1994;Holland, 2004;Kennedy & Smith, 1995;Sherwood & Uphoff, 2000;Soane et al, 2012) and water infrastructure Lopes et al, 2011;Toensmeier & Herren, 2016). These practices should help decreasing erosion, increasing fertility, increasing infiltration of water and increasing biodiversity.…”