Towards Malaria Elimination: Monitoring and Evaluation of the “1-3-7” Approach at the China–Myanmar Border

Feng, Jun; Liu, Juan; Feng, Xinyu; Zhang, Li; Xiao, Huihui; Xia, Zhigui

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.15-0888

Cited by 54 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In China, the "1-3-7" elimination strategy was conducted and described as a simplified set of targets that delineate responsibilities, actions, and their timeframe, which means case reporting within 24 hours, case confirmation and investigation within 3 days, and foci investigation and respond within 7 days. 17,18 In this study, all the blood smear and blood-spot filter paper samples were taken from the case and delivered to the Guangxi provincial reference laboratory for microscopic verification and molecular verification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The definitions used in this study were listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China: A Twelve-Year Surveillance Data Study

Lin

Wei

Jiang

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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The incidence of an indigenous malaria, defined as malaria acquired by a local mosquito transmission, declined from 2004 to 2015 in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. However, imported malaria, defined as malaria acquired from other endemic regions outside of China, has been increasing in the region, as in the rest of the country, particularly the disease caused by . A retrospective study was conducted to explore malaria-endemic characteristics in Guangxi during the 2004-2015 timeframe; a total of 2,726 confirmed malaria cases were reported, and the majority (90.3%) were due to ( = 1,697 [62.2%]) and ( = 765 [28.1%]). Thirty-four indigenous cases (1.2%) were observed, with no cases of transmission recorded since 2012. Imported and infections increased since 2013. The interval between returning to China and the onset of illness was longer for and infections than for and infections. The difference interval among the species is likely because of the relapse of and caused by the activation of the latent hypnozoites. Therefore, health clinics should raise awareness and carry out epidemiological studies and follow-up surveys on migrant workers to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment. The evaluation of radical treatment should be carried out using a genotyping technology based on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency levels, and some new drugs active against the hypnozoites should be developed to mitigate malaria in the region.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China: A Twelve-Year Surveillance Data Study

Lin

Wei

Jiang

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…1). The 1-3-7 strategy was initially developed and implemented in China in 2012 [5][6][7] and has since been adapted to the local contexts in several country settings in Southern Africa and Southeast Asia [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria elimination using the 1-3-7 approach: lessons from Sampov Loun, Cambodia

Kheang¹,

Sovannaroth

Barat

et al. 2020

BMC Public Health

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Background: Cambodia has targeted malaria elimination within its territory by 2025 and is developing a model elimination package of strategies and interventions designed to achieve this goal. Methods: Cambodia adopted a simplified 1-3-7 surveillance model in the Sampov Loun operational health district in western Cambodia beginning in July 2015. The 1-3-7 approach targets reporting of confirmed cases within one day, investigation of specific cases within three days, and targeted control measures to prevent further transmission within seven days. In Sampov Loun, response measures included reactive case detection (testing of co-travelers, household contacts and family members, and surrounding households with suspected malaria cases), and provision of health education, and insecticide-treated nets. Day 28 follow up microscopy was conducted for all confirmed P. falciparum and P. falciparum-mixed-species malaria cases to assess treatment efficacy.

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“…The strategy for achieving malaria elimination in Myanmar, detailed in the National Plan for Malaria Elimination (NPME) in Myanmar (2016-2030), focuses the interruption of transmission and elimination of indigenous Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria in six states/regions of low endemicity by 2020 with a further commitment to countrywide malaria elimination by 2030 [6]. The success of this strategy, however, hinges on a strong country-wide surveillance and response system identified as one of the pillars of The Global Technical Strategy for Malaria Framework (2016-2030) [7][8][9]. The so called "1-3-7" approach describes a system of activities dependent on timely diagnosis and response to malaria cases including: 1) case notification within 1 day, 2) case investigation and classification within 3 days, and 3) foci investigation and response within 7 days of RDT-positive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in early phase of implementing the 1-3-7 surveillance and response approach in malaria elimination setting: A field study from Myanmar

Aung¹,

Thein²,

Hein

et al. 2020

Infect Dis Poverty

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Background: The National Plan for Malaria Elimination (NPME) in Myanmar (2016-2030) aims to eliminate indigenous Plasmodium falciparum malaria in six states/regions of low endemicity by 2020 and countrywide by 2030. To achieve this goal, in 2016 the National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) implemented the "1-3-7" surveillance and response strategy. This study aims to identify the barriers to successful implementation of the NPME which emerged during the early phase of the "1-3-7" approach deployment. Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted with basic health staff (BHS) and Vector Born Disease Control Program (VBDC) staff between 2017 and 2018 in six townships of six states/regions targeted for sub-national elimination by 2020. A self-administered questionnaire, designed to assess the knowledge required to implement the "1-3-7" approach, was completed by 544 respondents. Bivariate analysis was performed for quantitative findings and thematic analysis was conducted for qualitative findings using Atals.ti software. Results: Although 83% of participants reported performing the key activities in the "1-3-7" surveillance and response approach, less than half could report performing those activities within 3 days and 7 days (40 and 43%, respectively). Low proportion of BHS correctly identified six categories of malaria cases and three types of foci (22 and 26%, respectively). In contrast, nearly 80% of respondents correctly named three types of case detection methods. Most cited challenges included 'low community knowledge on health' (43%), 'inadequate supplies' (22%), and 'transportation difficulty' (21%). Qualitative data identified poor knowledge of key surveillance activities, delays in reporting, and differences in reporting systems as the primary challenges. The dominant perceived barrier to success was inability to control the influx of migrant workers into target jurisdictions especially in hard-to-reach areas. Interviews with township medical officers and the NMCP team leaders further highlighted the necessity of refresher training for every step in the "1-3-7" surveillance and response approach. Conclusions: The performance of the "1-3-7" surveillance and response approach in Myanmar delivers promising results. However, numerous challenges are likely to slow down malaria elimination progress in accordance with the NPME. Multi-stakeholder engagement and health system readiness is critical for malaria elimination at the subnational level.

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Towards Malaria Elimination: Monitoring and Evaluation of the “1-3-7” Approach at the China–Myanmar Border

Cited by 54 publications

References 16 publications

Malaria in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China: A Twelve-Year Surveillance Data Study

Malaria in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China: A Twelve-Year Surveillance Data Study

Malaria elimination using the 1-3-7 approach: lessons from Sampov Loun, Cambodia

Challenges in early phase of implementing the 1-3-7 surveillance and response approach in malaria elimination setting: A field study from Myanmar

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