Towards mainstream deammonification: Comprehensive review on potential mainstream applications and developed sidestream technologies

Izadi, Parin; Izadi, Parnian; Eldyasti, Ahmed

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111615

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…15–17 Deammonification systems, for example, employ the use of anammox bacteria to reduce oxygen and carbon requirements while removing nitrogen. 18,19 Sidestream enhanced biological phosphorus removal (S2EBPR) has been investigated as a liquid sidestream treatment process to remove phosphorus while minimizing the need for external carbon. 17,20 Most nutrient removal processes have focused on liquid streams employing biological treatment processes not requiring carbon ( e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post aerobic digestion (PAD) is a solids sidestream nutrient removal process that utilizes native carbon: performance and key operational parameters from two full-scale PAD reactors

Sabba¹,

Redmond²,

Dunlap³

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci.: Adv.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post aerobic digestion (PAD) is a solids sidestream nutrient removal process that utilizes native carbon: performance and key operational parameters from two full-scale PAD reactors

Sabba¹,

Redmond²,

Dunlap³

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci.: Adv.

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“…Furthermore, the autotrophic metabolism of deammonification does not require organic C for N removal, whereas the process of denitrification degrades organic C in the order of 5 kg COD/kg NO 3 -N ( Deutsche Vereinigung Für Wasserwirtschaft, Abwasser Und Abfall EV, 2016 ). Due to deammonification, the unused chemical energy bound in the C can be used for sewage gas generation instead of denitrification, resulting in higher gas and thus electricity production ( O’Shaughnessy et al, 2011 ; Izadi et al, 2021 ). In principle, the C in wastewater has further potential to be utilized for other purposes, such as the production of biopolymers ( Valentino et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concept development of a mainstream deammonification and comparison with conventional process in terms of energy, performance and economical construction perspectives

et al. 2023

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Deammonification for nitrogen removal in municipal wastewater in temperate and cold climate zones is currently limited to the side stream of municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTP). This study developed a conceptual model of a mainstream deammonification plant, designed for 30,000 P.E., considering possible solutions corresponding to the challenging mainstream conditions in Germany. In addition, the energy-saving potential, nitrogen elimination performance and construction-related costs of mainstream deammonification were compared to a conventional plant model, having a single-stage activated sludge process with upstream denitrification. The results revealed that an additional treatment step by combining chemical precipitation and ultra-fine screening is advantageous prior the mainstream deammonification. Hereby chemical oxygen demand (COD) can be reduced by 80% so that the COD:N ratio can be reduced from 12 to 2.5. Laboratory experiments testing mainstream conditions of temperature (8–20°C), pH (6–9) and COD:N ratio (1–6) showed an achievable volumetric nitrogen removal rate (VNRR) of at least 50 gN/(m3∙d) for various deammonifying sludges from side stream deammonification systems in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, where m3 denotes reactor volume. Assuming a retained Norganic content of 0.0035 kgNorg./(P.E.∙d) from the daily loads of N at carbon removal stage and a VNRR of 50 gN/(m3∙d) under mainstream conditions, a resident-specific reactor volume of 0.115 m3/(P.E.) is required for mainstream deammonification. This is in the same order of magnitude as the conventional activated sludge process, i.e., 0.173 m3/(P.E.) for an MWWTP of size class of 4. The conventional plant model yielded a total specific electricity demand of 35 kWh/(P.E.∙a) for the operation of the whole MWWTP and an energy recovery potential of 15.8 kWh/(P.E.∙a) through anaerobic digestion. In contrast, the developed mainstream deammonification model plant would require only a 21.5 kWh/(P.E.∙a) energy demand and result in 24 kWh/(P.E.∙a) energy recovery potential, enabling the mainstream deammonification model plant to be self-sufficient. The retrofitting costs for the implementation of mainstream deammonification in existing conventional MWWTPs are nearly negligible as the existing units like activated sludge reactors, aerators and monitoring technology are reusable. However, the mainstream deammonification must meet the performance requirement of VNRR of about 50 gN/(m3∙d) in this case.

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“…effective retention of the slow-growing autotrophic biomass; and iii. suppression of NOB (Izadi et al, 2021). The first two factors can be addressed by using biofilm or AGS biomass cultivated under microaerobic conditions, such that AOB and anammox can reside in the oxic and anoxic regions of these bioaggregates, respectively (Fig.…”

Section: Partial Nitritation and Anammox (Pn/a)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are a number of recent reviews and a large extant literature base describing BNR and advances in nutrient removal and recovery (e.g. Dong et al, 2019;Du et al, 2019b;Eskicioglu et al, 2018;Guo et al, 2020;Izadi et al, 2021;Ma et al, 2016;Sheng et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2021;Winkler and Straka, 2019;You et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward More Efficient and Sustainable Autotrophic Ammonia Removal From Wastewater

Ronan

2024

Preprint

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There is significant need to adapt biological nitrogen removal (BNR) systems to meet the evolving needs of future generations, such that the deleterious impacts of reactive nitrogen pollution can be mitigated in a cost-effective and sustainable manner. The overall goal of this research was therefore to explore autotrophic ammonia removal from a future-facing perspective, in order to generate insights that could inform potential solutions for more stable and sustainable BNR. Three chapters of this dissertation are manuscripts that focus on a particular challenge with respect to the operation of BNR systems, including: i. influent streams with very high ammonia concentrations; ii. greenhouse gas emissions during autotrophic ammonia oxidation; and iii. incomplete ammonia removal caused by alkalinity depletion. Chapter2incorporatedalargeextantofrecentresearchtoassessthelimitationsofconventionalpractices for treating high strength ammonia wastewater and provides a synthesis of emerging approaches for more cost-effective and sustainable treatment. The advantages of exploiting biofilm and aerobic granular sludge technologies were specifically investigated, as was the use of anammox-based processes as beneficial alternatives to conventional nitrification and denitrification. Chapter 3 used novel growth systems to investigate CO2 emissions during autotrophic ammonia oxidation and demonstrated a linear relationship between ammonia removal and gaseous CO2 production. The results provided evidence to suggest that the current approach of excluding bicarbonate-derived CO2 emissions from GHG accounting of BNR processes may lead to an underestimation of the climate change impact of conventional wastewater treatment systems. Chapter 4 investigated the nitrification performance of fixed-film bioreactors with different biomass retention characteristics, to determine the effect of enhanced biomass retention towards improved nitrification during periods of alkalinity induced stress. Although a higher biomass concentration offered the capacity to achieve faster ammonia removal rates in batch mode, the bioreactors exhibited similar performance in continuous-flow mode and the retention of additional nitrifying biomass did not provide any biomass concentration-dependent mechanisms for improved resilience to acidic conditions. Overall, the work described herein represents progress towards a more complete understanding of autotrophic ammonia oxidation as it applies to the stable and sustainable operation of BNR systems.

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Towards mainstream deammonification: Comprehensive review on potential mainstream applications and developed sidestream technologies

Cited by 28 publications

References 106 publications

Post aerobic digestion (PAD) is a solids sidestream nutrient removal process that utilizes native carbon: performance and key operational parameters from two full-scale PAD reactors

Post aerobic digestion (PAD) is a solids sidestream nutrient removal process that utilizes native carbon: performance and key operational parameters from two full-scale PAD reactors

Concept development of a mainstream deammonification and comparison with conventional process in terms of energy, performance and economical construction perspectives

Toward More Efficient and Sustainable Autotrophic Ammonia Removal From Wastewater

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