Towards machine learning for moral choice analysis in health economics: A literature review and research agenda

Smeele, Nicholas V R; Chorus, Caspar; Schermer, Maartje; Bekker‐Grob, Esther W. de

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115910

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The use of machine learning algorithms has revolutionized diverse research fields from social sciences to biological sciences and medicine [23][24][25][26][27][28]. Machine learning applied to the damaging multidimensional problem that arises from neural stimulation can capture non-linear relationships between stimulation parameters (features) and neural tissue outcomes (damaging or non-damaging) using training instances from a large database.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NeurostimML: a machine learning model for predicting neurostimulation-induced tissue damage

Li,

Frederick,

George

et al. 2024

J. Neural Eng.

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Objective. The safe delivery of electrical current to neural tissue depends on many factors, yet previous methods for predicting tissue damage rely on only a few stimulation parameters. Here, we report the development of a machine learning approach that could lead to a more reliable method for predicting electrical stimulation-induced tissue damage by incorporating additional stimulation parameters. Approach. A literature search was conducted to build an initial database of tissue response information after electrical stimulation, categorized as either damaging or non-damaging. Subsequently, we used ordinal encoding and random forest for feature selection, and investigated four machine learning models for classification: Logistic Regression, K-nearest Neighbor, Random Forest, and Multilayer Perceptron. Finally, we compared the results of these models against the accuracy of the Shannon equation. Main Results. We compiled a database with 387 unique stimulation parameter combinations collected from 58 independent studies conducted over a period of 47 years, with 195 (51%) categorized as non-damaging and 190 (49%) categorized as damaging. The features selected for building our model with a Random Forest algorithm were: waveform shape, geometric surface area, pulse width, frequency, pulse amplitude, charge per phase, charge density, current density, duty cycle, daily stimulation duration, daily number of pulses delivered, and daily accumulated charge. The Shannon equation yielded an accuracy of 63.9% using a k value of 1.79. In contrast, the Random Forest algorithm was able to robustly predict whether a set of stimulation parameters was classified as damaging or non-damaging with an accuracy of 88.3%. Significance. This novel Random Forest model can facilitate more informed decision making in the selection of neuromodulation parameters for both research studies and clinical practice. This study represents the first approach to use machine learning in the prediction of stimulation-induced neural tissue damage, and lays the groundwork for neurostimulation driven by machine learning models.

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