Towards low cost materials and methods for transparent electrodes

Kulkarni, Giridhar U.; Kiruthika, S.; Gupta, Ritu; Rao, K. D. M.

doi:10.1016/j.coche.2015.03.001

Cited by 69 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…TCEs that transmit light and conduct electrical current simultaneously, mostly in the visible spectral range, are essential constituents for many optoelectronic devices, which have been extensively investigated in the past decade . The most widely used TCEs are made of indium tin oxide (ITO), which has several major drawbacks such as high cost, expensive manufacturing, and brittleness; brittleness especially constrains their use for flexible optoelectronic devices . TCEs based on nanostructured Ag, including thin Ag films, Ag grids, and AgNW networks, show excellent performances such as high optical transmittance, low sheet resistance, and excellent mechanical flexibility.…”

Section: Applications: Flexible and Stretchable Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printing Conductive Nanomaterials for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Processes, and Applications

Huang

Zhu

2019

Adv Materials Technologies

324

347

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PE has been explored for the manufacturing of flexible and stretchable electronic devices by printing functional inks containing soluble or dispersed materials, [14][15][16] which has enabled a wide variety of applications, such as transparent conductive films (TCFs), flexible energy harvesting and storage, thin film transistors (TFTs), electroluminescent devices, and wearable sensors. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] The global PE market should reach $26.6 billion by 2022 from $14.0 billion in 2017 at a compound annual growth rate of 13.6%. [25] PE devices are manufactured by a variety of printing technologies. Typical printing technologies can be divided into two broad categories: noncontact patterning (or nozzle-based patterning) and contact-based patterning. The noncontact techniques include inkjet printing, electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing, aerosol jet printing, and slot die coating, while screen printing, gravure printing, and flexographic printing are examples of the contact techniques. Each of these techniques has its own advantages and disadvantages, but they all rely on the principle of transferring inks to a substrate. Understanding the characteristics and recent advances of each printing technique is important to further the progress in PE. Moreover, to promote the lab-scale printing technologies to large-scale production process, roll-toroll (R2R) printing, which is one of the manufacturing methods to obtain large-area films with low cost and excellent durability, has drawn much attention from both industry and the research community.Nearly all of devices based on PE require conductive structures, interconnects, and contacts; therefore, highly conductive patterns, usually with high transparency and/or high resolution, fabricated by means of printing conductive materials are one of the most critical components in PE devices. Various printable conductive nanomaterials, such as metal nanomaterials (e.g., metal nanoparticles and metal nanowires) and carbon nanomaterials (e.g., graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs)), have been explored and used as major materials for PE. Applying printing technology to deposition of the conductive nanomaterials requires formulation of suitable inks. After depositing inks on different substrates, post-printing treatment, Printed electronics is attracting a great deal of attention in both research and commercialization as it enables fabrication of large-scale, low-cost electronic devices on a variety of substrates. Printed electronics plays a critical role infacilitating widespread flexible electronics and more recently stretchable electronics. Conductive nanomaterials, such as metal nanoparticles and nanowires, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, are promising building blocks for printed electronics. Nanomaterial-based printing technologies, formulation of printable inks, post-printing treatment, and integration of functional devices have progressed substantially in the recent years. This review summarizes basic principles and recent development of common printing technologie...

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Section: Applications: Flexible and Stretchable Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printing Conductive Nanomaterials for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Processes, and Applications

Huang

Zhu

2019

Adv Materials Technologies

324

347

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“…Nevertheless, it presents some major drawbacks, including high costs, scarcity of indium, and brittleness, making it impossible to adapt to future applications. Additionally, ITO presents a relatively high refraction index (∼2.0) that could produce unwanted reflections if it is used on a substrate with lower refraction index [4][5][6][7]. As a consequence, the development of alternative TCE materials that fulfill the main requirements of a high optical transparency and a proper sheet resistance is a priority [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent Electrodes: A Review of the Use of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials

L¹,

pez-Naranjo²,

Gonz

et al. 2016

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Transparent conducting electrodes (TCE) are extensively applied in a great range of optoelectronic and photovoltaic equipment (e.g., solar cells, touch panels, and flexible devices). Carbon-based nanomaterials are considered as suitable replacements to substitute traditional materials to manufacture TCE due to their remarkable characteristics, for example, high optical transmittance and outstanding electrical properties. In comparison with traditional indium tin oxide electrodes, carbon-based electrodes show good mechanical properties, chemical stability, and low cost. Nevertheless, major issues related to the development of good quality manufacture methods to produce carbon-based nanomaterials have to be overcome to meet massive market requirements. Hence, the development of alternative TCE materials as well as appropriate large production techniques that meet the requirements of a proper sheet resistance along with a high optical transparency is a priority. Therefore, in this work, we summarize and discuss novel production and synthesis methods, chemical treatments, and hybrid materials developed to satisfy the worldwide request for carbon-based nanomaterials.

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“…During the last decade, new nanomaterial-based transparent electrodes have been developed as alternatives to ITO. These include other metal oxides, graphene, ultrathin metal films, conducting polymers, patterned metal grids as well as conducting networks of carbon nanotubes and metal wires [7]. While each alternate offers certain advantages, it is not without shortcomings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Work function tunable metal-mesh based transparent electrodes for fabricating indium-free organic light-emitting diodes

Gedda

Das

Iyer

2020

Mater. Res. Express

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In order to realize low-cost and efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), the transparent anode should have excellent optical and electrical properties, among other factors. Typically, transparent conductive oxides have been widely used for transparent top electrodes, but they suffer from several drawbacks. We herein report the fabrication of efficient indium-free transparent OLEDs using metalmesh based top electrodes, made of any metal of choice, Au, Ag or Cu. The fabricated devices on inch square substrates exhibited superior emission characteristics without any color shift. In terms of workfunction matching, Cu did the best. With a Cu-TCE of low sheet resistance (∼7 Ω sq −1 ), uniform emission characteristics were achieved with relatively high current efficiency and luminance, comparable to those from the ITO based devices.

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Towards low cost materials and methods for transparent electrodes

Cited by 69 publications

References 82 publications

Printing Conductive Nanomaterials for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Processes, and Applications

Printing Conductive Nanomaterials for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Processes, and Applications

Transparent Electrodes: A Review of the Use of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials

Work function tunable metal-mesh based transparent electrodes for fabricating indium-free organic light-emitting diodes

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