Towards internationally acceptable standards for food additives and contaminants based on the use of risk analysis

Huggett, Anthony C.; Petersen, Barbara J.; Walker, R.; Notermans, S.; Rombouts, F.M.; Abbott, Peter; Debackere, Mark; Hathaway, S.C.; Hecker, Edwin F.F; Knaap, Ada G.A.C.; Kuznesof, Paul M.; Meyland, Inge; Moy, Gerald G.; Narbonne, Jean‐François; Paakkanen, Juhani; Smith, Maurice R.; Tennant, David R.; Wagstaffe, P. J.; Wargo, John P.; Würtzen, G.

doi:10.1016/s1382-6689(98)00017-9

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Based on the hazard identification, hazard characterisation and exposure assessments, an estimation of the possible health risks for humans and animals is provided. This scientific opinion will emphasise the uncertainties identified for the risk assessments (Eskola et al 2018;Huggett et al 1998).…”

Section: Risk Assessment (Cac and Eu)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Risk management is the process of appraising different policies, following risk assessment outcomes. This entails implementation of regulatory measures and control options to ensure protection of public health but also control contamination (Berg 2003;Huggett et al 1998). In addition to food safety concerns, "other legitimate factors" defined under risk management decision-making criteria have been adopted by CAC (CAC 2013).…”

Section: Risk Management (Cac and Eu)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to food safety concerns, "other legitimate factors" defined under risk management decision-making criteria have been adopted by CAC (CAC 2013). These include the costs associated with the establishment of MLs and the methods of analysis required, the feasibility of monitoring and enforcing MLs, consumer concerns associated with the safety of contaminants, variations in food consumption resulting from different traditions and regions and the importance of the food to the country of origin and international trade, (Berg 2003;Huggett et al 1998). The incorporation of these factors "should not create unjustified barriers to trade; particular attention should be given to the impact on developing countries of the inclusion of such other factors" (CAC 2013).…”

Section: Risk Management (Cac and Eu)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar set of criteria are used by EU (Giorgi 2013). The driving force behind risk management procedures used by CAC are to determine levels of acceptable risk (Huggett et al 1998), however in the EU, adherence to the Precautionary principle (EC 2002), allows implementation of risk management measures in the absence of conclusive scientific evidence (Giorgi and Tandon 2010). The final component in the risk analysis framework is risk communication, supporting the exchange of information and opinions among relevant stakeholders such as governments, industry, consumers, non-governmental organisations and academia (CAC 2013).…”

Section: Risk Management (Cac and Eu)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Challenge of Global Aflatoxins Legislation with a Focus on Peanuts and Peanut Products: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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Globally, of all mycotoxins, aflatoxins present a significant threat to human and animal health and has resulted in the introduction of strict food regulatory limits to protect public health. A systematic review, was performed to elucidate the rationale applied in establishing aflatoxin standards and evaluate the economic impacts of these. The focus was peanuts, a principal trading commodity susceptible to aflatoxin contamination. Results revealed that although regulations are established in many countries, there is huge disparity in the maximum limits applied due to different methodologies used when considering exposure assessment. Moreover, in countries most affected by aflatoxin contamination in peanuts, few, if any standards exist. In the case of risk assessments, knowledge gaps identified include the impact of climate change on peanut aflatoxin contamination, the role of aflatoxins in child stunting, Kwashiorkor and immunomodulation and a lack of occurrence and exposure data in many developing countries from contaminated peanuts. Few quantitative studies evaluating the impact of aflatoxin regulations on trade exist and evidence is lacking in terms of what happens to exports that do not meet regulatory requirements. Evidence does suggest a lack of knowledge of the extent of the aflatoxin problem, associated health risks and mitigation strategies in developing countries. A hugely important factor that needs to be highlighted is that while there is a fundamental right for sufficient, safe, nutritious food, in many cases in low-income and lower middle-income countries there exists an incredibly difficult and complex trade-off between food security and food safety.

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Section: Risk Assessment (Cac and Eu)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Management (Cac and Eu)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Management (Cac and Eu)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Management (Cac and Eu)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Challenge of Global Aflatoxins Legislation with a Focus on Peanuts and Peanut Products: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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Australian farmed Yellowtail Kingfish (Seriola lalandi) and Mulloway (Argyrosomus hololepidotus): Residues of metallic, agricultural and veterinary chemicals, dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls

2012

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Consumer exposure to substances in plastic packaging. I. Assessment of the contribution of styrene from yogurt pots

Vitrac

Leblanc

2007

Food Additives and Contaminants

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A generic methodology for the assessment of consumer exposure to substances migrating from packaging materials into foodstuffs during storage is presented. Consumer exposure at the level of individual households is derived from the probabilistic modeling of the contamination of all packed food product units (e.g. yogurt pot, milk bottle, etc.) consumed by a given household over 1 year. Exposure of a given population is estimated by gathering the exposure distributions of individual households to suitable weights (conveniently, household sizes). Calculations are made by combining (i) an efficient resolution of migration models and (ii) a methodology utilizing different sources of uncertainty and variability. The full procedure was applied to the assessment of consumer exposure to styrene from yogurt pots based on yearly purchase data of more than 5400 households in France (about 2 million yogurt pots) and an initial concentration c0 of styrene in yogurt pot walls, which is assumed to be normally distributed with an average value of 500 mg kg-1 and a standard deviation of 150 mg kg-1. Results are discussed regarding both sensitivity of the migration model to boundary conditions and household practices. By assuming a partition coefficient of 1 and a Biot number of 100, the estimated median household exposure to styrene ranged between 1 and 35 microg day-1 person-1 (5th and 95th percentiles) with a likely value of 12 microg day-1 person-1 (50th percentile). It was found that exposure does not vary independently with the average consumption rate and contact times. Thus, falsely assuming a uniform contact time equal to the sell-by-date for all yogurts overestimates significantly the daily exposure (5th and 95th percentiles of 2 and 110 microg day-1 person-1, respectively) since high consumers showed quicker turnover of stock.

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Towards internationally acceptable standards for food additives and contaminants based on the use of risk analysis

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

The Challenge of Global Aflatoxins Legislation with a Focus on Peanuts and Peanut Products: A Systematic Review

The Challenge of Global Aflatoxins Legislation with a Focus on Peanuts and Peanut Products: A Systematic Review

Australian farmed Yellowtail Kingfish (Seriola lalandi) and Mulloway (Argyrosomus hololepidotus): Residues of metallic, agricultural and veterinary chemicals, dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls

Consumer exposure to substances in plastic packaging. I. Assessment of the contribution of styrene from yogurt pots

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