Towards Extraordinary Catalysts for Aromatization of Biomass and Low-Cost C5 Streams

Galadima, Ahmad; Masudi, Ahmad; Muraza, Oki

doi:10.1007/s10563-022-09364-w

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Agricultural waste is another potential feedstock option. For instance, aromatic sugar is an intermediate product that is used to produce ethanol (Galadima et al 2022c ; Zheng et al 2009 ). As such, multiple studies have examined improving the efficiency of the sugar production process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvements in the stability of biodiesel fuels: recent progress and challenges

Masudi

Muraza²,

Jusoh

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Fewer fossil fuel deposits, price volatility, and environmental concerns have intensified biofuel-based studies. Saccharification, gasification, and pyrolysis are some of the potential methods of producing carbohydrate-based fuels, while lipid extraction is the preferred method of producing biodiesel and green diesel. Over the years, multiple studies have attempted to identify an ideal catalyst as well as optimize the abovementioned methods to produce higher yields at a lower cost. Therefore, this present study comprehensively examined the factors affecting biodiesel stability. Firstly, isomerization, which is typically used to reduce unsaturated fatty acid content, was found to improve oxidative stability as well as maintain and improve cold flow properties. Meanwhile, polymers, surfactants, or small molecules with low melting points were found to improve the cold flow properties of biodiesel. Meanwhile, transesterification with an enzyme could be used to remove monoacylglycerols from oil feedstock. Furthermore, combining two natural antioxidants could potentially slow lipid oxidation if stainless steel, carbon steel, or aluminum are used as biodiesel storage materials. This present review also recommends combining green diesel and biodiesel to improve stability. Furthermore, green diesel can be co-produced at oil refineries that are more selective and have a limited supply of hydrogen. Lastly, next-generation farming should be examined to avoid competing interests in food and energy as well as to improve agricultural efficiency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%