Towards eradication of codling moth in British Columbia by complimentary actions of mating disruption, tree banding and sterile insect technique: Five-year study in organic orchards

Judd, Gary J. R.; Gardiner, Mark G.T.

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2004.12.009

Cited by 36 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Orchards that receive supplementary MD treatments are monitored using red rubber septa loaded with 10 mg of codlemone [6,24]. The SIR Program manufactures its own traps and lures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When eradication proved unfeasible, the Canadian SIR Program revised its objective, and area-wide suppression to keep damage below economically acceptable levels became its new target [4,5]. This Canadian SIR Program currently uses an integrated approach to achieve its objective by using insecticides and/or MD in high-risk orchards as supplements to the area-wide SIT programme [6,7]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential for Using Acetic Acid Plus Pear Ester Combination Lures to Monitor Codling Moth in an SIT Program

Judd

2016

Insects

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Studies were conducted in commercial apple orchards in British Columbia, Canada, to determine whether lures combining ethyl-(E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate, pear ester (PE), with either acetic acid (AA) or sex pheromone, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (codlemone), might improve monitoring of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), in an area-wide programme integrating sterile insect technology (SIT) and mating disruption (MD). Catches of sterile and wild codling moths were compared in apple orchards receiving weekly delivery of sterile moths (1:1 sex ratio) using white delta traps baited with either AA or PE alone, and in combination. Sterile and wild codling moths responded similarly to these kairomone lures. For each moth sex and type (sterile and wild), AA-PE lures were significantly more attractive than AA or PE alone. Bisexual catches with AA-PE lures were compared with those of commercial bisexual lures containing 3 mg of codlemone plus 3 mg of PE (Pherocon CM-DA Combo lure, Trécé Inc., Adair, OK, USA), and to catches of males with standard codlemone-loaded septa used in SIT (1 mg) and MD (10 mg) programmes, respectively. CM-DA lures caught the greatest number of sterile and wild male moths in orchards managed with SIT alone, or combined with MD, whereas AA-PE lures caught 2–3× more females than CM-DA lures under both management systems. Sterile to wild (S:W) ratios for male versus female moths in catches with AA-PE lures were equivalent, whereas in the same orchards, male S:W ratios were significantly greater than female S:W ratios when measured with CM-DA lures. Male S:W ratios measured with CM-DA lures were similar to those with codlemone lures. CM-DA and codlemone lures appear to overestimate S:W ratios as measured by AA-PE lures, probably by attracting relatively more sterile males from long range. Using AA-PE lures to monitor codling moths in an SIT programme removes fewer functional sterile males and reduces the need for trap maintenance compared with using codlemone lures. AA-PE lures allow detection of wild female moths that may measure damage potential more accurately than detection of wild males. The short-range activity of AA-PE lures compared with that of codlemone-based lures appears to improve the ability to measure S:W ratios and the impact of SIT on population control near the site where wild moths are trapped.

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“…Orchards that receive supplementary MD treatments are monitored using red rubber septa loaded with 10 mg of codlemone [6,24]. The SIR Program manufactures its own traps and lures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for Using Acetic Acid Plus Pear Ester Combination Lures to Monitor Codling Moth in an SIT Program

Judd

2016

Insects

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“…An integrated approach to codling moth control is currently being used in commercial orchards in South Africa. Some of the tactics integrated into this strategy, such as mating disruption and the sterile insect technique (Pringle et al 2003;Addison 2005), are density dependent (Cardé and Minks 1995;Judd and Gardiner 2005). Wooden fruit bins used during harvesting and to transport and store fruit have been reported to be infested with diapausing codling moth larvae (Higbee et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Key elements in the successful control of diapausing codling moth,Cydiapomonella(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in wooden fruit bins with a South African isolate ofHeterorhabditis zealandica(Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae)

Waal

Malan

Levings³

et al. 2010

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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The non-insecticidal control strategies currently being implemented in South African orchards for the control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) may be hampered by wooden fruit bins being infested with diapausing codling moth larvae, acting as a potential source of re-infestation. Key factors contributing to the success or failure of an entomopathogenic nematode application were investigated using the SF 41 isolate of Heterorhabditis zealandica in laboratory bioassays with wooden minibins. Under operational conditions, an application rate of 100 IJs/mL (LD 90 102 IJs/mL) effectively controlled codling moth larvae in these bins, and for further laboratory bioassays, the LD 50 value of 18 IJs/mL (:25 IJs/mL) was identified as the discriminating dosage. Maximum mortality was attained when bins were pre-wet for at least 1 min (90% RH) and maintained at maximum humidity (95% RH) post-treatment for at least 3 days (LT 90 73 h), to ensure nematode survival and subsequent satisfactory infection of diapausing codling moth larvae. Tarping bins achieved the desired high level of humidity required. Furthermore, adjuvants (specifically Reverseal 10 TM ) also improved an application. The study conclusively illustrated that if all the above-mentioned conditions are met, H. zealandica has the potential to successfully disinfest wooden fruit bins of codling moth.

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“…Currently the SIR program is the cornerstone of a successful area-wide integrated pest management program incorporating many organically acceptable technologies (Thistlewood and Judd 2003). These include pheromone-based mating disruption of codling moth via Isomate, codling moth larvae capture using larval aggregation pheromones (Judd and Gardiner 2005) or codling moth population reduction via weekly sprays of granulosis virus (Cossentine and Jensen 2004). Entomopathogenic nematodes can also be used to control overwintering codling moth larvae (Lacey et al 2006a), with efficacy being greater with organic mulch than with bare soil (Lacey et al 2006b).…”

Section: Insect Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic fruit production in British Columbia

Neilsen¹,

Lowery²,

Forge³

et al. 2009

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2009. Organic fruit production in British Columbia. Can. J. Plant Sci. 89: 677Á692. British Columbia has climatic conditions suitable for the production of a wide range of high-value fruit crops, and has the highest rate of increase of organic production in Canada. This review assesses the current status of organic fruit production using a case study of the three most valuable fruit crops currently grown: apple (Malus ) domestica Borkh.), grape (Vitis vinifera L.) and high bush blueberry (Vaccinium corybosum L.). The review emphasizes the current status of organically acceptable management of crop resources and crop protection from insects and diseases. Central to organic production are soil management strategies designed to maintain soil fertility and increase soil biological activity and biodiversity by increasing soil organic matter content. Composts and organic amendments that require vigilant testing of their variable and often lower nutrient content are substituted for the chemical fertilizers of conventional production. Increased effort to manage vegetation within and between planting rows is necessitated by an inability to use herbicides. Thus, techniques such as mulching, cultivation and cover cropping are important. Management of insects and diseases requires detailed information of the agro-ecosystem and the unique interactions between pests and specific crops. Organic approaches to minimize pest damage include altered production practices or applications of organically approved control products. Some aspects of organic production systems have received little or no research. In irrigated areas, there is little information available on water management that supports conservation and the specific needs of organic production systems. Historically, research on organic production systems has not received the financial support allocated to conventional system research. Many research needs are identified in this review both applicable to all three fruit crops studied, but also specific to the individual crop. It is argued that future consumer demand calls for an acceleration of research on organic fruit production systems. J. Plant Sci. 89: 677Á692. Le climat de la Colombie-Britannique se preˆte a`la production d'une grande varie´te´de cultures fruitie`res lucratives et la province connaıˆt la plus forte hausse au Canada pour ce qui est de la culture biologique. Cet article dresse le bilan de la production de fruits biologiques par le biais d'une e´tude de cas sur les trois cultures actuellement les plus lucratives, soit la pomme (Malus )domestica Borkh.), le raisin (Vitis vinifera L.) et le bleuet en corymbe (Vaccinium corybosum L.). L'article insiste sur la situation actuelle des ressources agricoles exploite´es d'une manie`re biologiquement acceptable et des moyens de lutte biologiques contre les insectes et la maladie. Au caeur de la culture organique figurent des strate´gies de gestion du sol conc¸ues pour pre´server la fertilite´du sol et accroıˆtre son activite´biologique ainsi que sa biodiversite´p...

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Towards eradication of codling moth in British Columbia by complimentary actions of mating disruption, tree banding and sterile insect technique: Five-year study in organic orchards

Cited by 36 publications

References 10 publications

Potential for Using Acetic Acid Plus Pear Ester Combination Lures to Monitor Codling Moth in an SIT Program

Potential for Using Acetic Acid Plus Pear Ester Combination Lures to Monitor Codling Moth in an SIT Program

Key elements in the successful control of diapausing codling moth,Cydiapomonella(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in wooden fruit bins with a South African isolate ofHeterorhabditis zealandica(Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae)

Organic fruit production in British Columbia

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