Towards environmental sustainability: nexus of ecological footprint, human capital, economic growth and energy consumption in India
Rajveer Kaur Ritu,
Amanpreet Kaur
Abstract:PurposeThe research is geared towards studying the impact of “GDP per capita (GDP)”, “energy consumption (EC)”, “human capital (HC)” and “trade openness (TO)” on India's ecological footprint (EF) from 1997–1998 to 2019–2020.Design/methodology/approachThe autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) bound test was used to look at the short-run and long-term coefficients and the cointegration of the variables.FindingsThe results depicted a long-run connection between the variables. The long-run results found a fa… Show more
“…HC accumulation is essential for environmental sustainability because it reduces the EF. Ritu and Kaur [28] study the test of the EKC hypothesis in the Indian economy, emphasizing the role of key variables by using an augmented ARDL approach with a structural break from 1997 to 2020. The results show that globalization, open trade, and income pollute the environment while increasing HC reduces the EF in the long run.…”
Environmental degradation is a serious concern and its prevention strategies have become a central topic worldwide. It is widely accepted that improving environmental quality is essential for advancing sustainable development and societal well-being. From this perspective, the present research employed panel data from 1990 to 2022 from BRICST economies to assess the effects of financial development, human capital, urban population, energy consumption, and economic growth on environmental quality regarding ecological footprint. This study employs second-generation empirical techniques such as CIPS and CADF unit root tests, Westerlund bootstrap cointegration, and DFE/MG/PMG-ARDL models to examine the connections among the studied variables. The empirical findings of this study uncover that in the BRICST countries, environmental quality is exacerbated by human capital, urban population, energy consumption, and economic growth. On the other hand, financial development and GDP2 help improve environmental quality. Additionally, the interaction of the term financial development results with the terms human capital and urban population has a negative effect and reduces ecological footprint by improving environmental quality. From the policy perspective, the selected countries must implement policies that promote equitable financial resources, plan sustainable urbanization to promote compact cities and green infrastructure, and invest in green energy to address the adverse environmental consequences in BRICST economies.
“…HC accumulation is essential for environmental sustainability because it reduces the EF. Ritu and Kaur [28] study the test of the EKC hypothesis in the Indian economy, emphasizing the role of key variables by using an augmented ARDL approach with a structural break from 1997 to 2020. The results show that globalization, open trade, and income pollute the environment while increasing HC reduces the EF in the long run.…”
Environmental degradation is a serious concern and its prevention strategies have become a central topic worldwide. It is widely accepted that improving environmental quality is essential for advancing sustainable development and societal well-being. From this perspective, the present research employed panel data from 1990 to 2022 from BRICST economies to assess the effects of financial development, human capital, urban population, energy consumption, and economic growth on environmental quality regarding ecological footprint. This study employs second-generation empirical techniques such as CIPS and CADF unit root tests, Westerlund bootstrap cointegration, and DFE/MG/PMG-ARDL models to examine the connections among the studied variables. The empirical findings of this study uncover that in the BRICST countries, environmental quality is exacerbated by human capital, urban population, energy consumption, and economic growth. On the other hand, financial development and GDP2 help improve environmental quality. Additionally, the interaction of the term financial development results with the terms human capital and urban population has a negative effect and reduces ecological footprint by improving environmental quality. From the policy perspective, the selected countries must implement policies that promote equitable financial resources, plan sustainable urbanization to promote compact cities and green infrastructure, and invest in green energy to address the adverse environmental consequences in BRICST economies.
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