Towards Efficient Battery Swapping Service Operation Under Battery Heterogeneity

Abstract

The proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) has posed significant challenges to the existing power grid infrastructure. It thus becomes of vital importance to efficiently manage the Electro-Mobility for large demand from EVs. Due to limited cruising range of EVs, vehicles have to make frequent stops for recharging, while long charging period is one major concern under plug-in charging. We herein leverage battery swapping (BS) technology to provide an alternative charging service, which substantially reduces the charging duration (from hours down to minutes). Concerning in practice that various battery is generally not compatible with each other, we thus introduce battery heterogeneity into the swapping service, concerning the case that different types of EVs co-exist. A battery heterogeneity-based swapping service framework is then proposed. Further with reservations for swapping service enabled, the demand load can be anticipated at BS stations as a guidance to alleviate service congestion. Therefore, potential hotspots can be avoided. Results show the performance gains under the proposed scheme by comparing to other benchmarks, in terms of service waiting time, etc. In particular, the diversity of battery stock across the network can be effectively managed.

Online Station Assignment for Electric Vehicle Battery Swapping

“…However, the problem considered is local at a relatively large time scale that only involves one-slot optimization, leaving the scheduling issue in real-time operation unaddressed. Of high relevance to our work, Zhang et al [22] considers a swapping service framework that allows reservations to alleviate service congestion. An empirical protocol is developed but it is generally difficult to derive analytical performance guarantee.…”

Standards for electric vehicle charging stations in India: A review

“…This process takes less time and can be operated easily by hand for fewer weight batteries as in the case of 2‐W, 3‐W, and Mopeds. With a large market for 2‐W and 3‐W in India, this could be an ideal way of promoting the adoption of EVs at a faster pace among the public as it is also easy to create the BSS 21 . The pantograph charging system uses a conductive component in between the EV and the charging system but is usually located at top of the vehicle.…”

“…With a large market for 2-W and 3-W in India, this could be an ideal way of promoting the adoption of EVs at a faster pace among the public as it is also easy to create the BSS. 21 The pantograph charging system uses a conductive component in between the EV and the charging system but is usually located at top of the vehicle. This type of charging delivers high power in a short period and it is generally for heavy-duty buses, trucks, special vehicles used in harbors and airports.…”

An Integrated Framework on Autonomous-EV Charging and Autonomous Valet Parking (AVP) Management System

“…In the light of this, several solutions on how to optimally recharge EVs considering the factors of time and spatial dimensions have been studied in literature [14] [15]. For charging facility improvement, fast chargers (i.e., level-3 chargers) and battery swapping technologies have been introduced [16] [17]. While they are effective in greatly reducing charging period, there will be a huge cost on infrastructure deployment.…”