Towards developing a beef meat export oriented policy in Tanzania: -Exploring the factors that influence beef meat exports-

Kibona, Cornel Anyisile; Zhang, Yuejie; Tian, Lu

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0270146

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…Moreover, China's WTO membership, the 'Belt and Road' Initiative, and the common borders had a positive significant impact on its exports of pork. Kibona et al (2022) investigated the factors that influence beef exports in Tanzania. Econometric results of the study revealed that terms of trade, Tanzania GDP per capita, global beef meat consumption, trade openness, and beef outputs positively and significantly affecting beef exports in Tanzania.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Border Factors and Trade Agreements Affecting Meat, Milk and Fisheries Exports from Pakistan: Evidence from the Gravity Model Analysis

Hayat,

Ishaq

2023

Forman J. econ. stud.

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The livestock and fishery sectors of Pakistan, not only contributes to GDP but can also considerably boosts export revenue for the country. This study identifies the cross-border factors and trade agreements affecting meat, milk, and fisheries exports from Pakistan. To accomplish this objective, the study used three different panel dataset of countries that import milk, meat, and fish from Pakistan. Results from commodity-specific gravity models show that increase in income in importing countries increases exports of the three products from Pakistan. Moreover, distance between Pakistan, and milk and milk products importing countries significantly reduces milk and milk products exports from Pakistan. Furthermore, an increase in the population of the age group of 65 and above increases milk and milk products exports. Besides, an increase in exchange rate in importing countries also decreases Pakistani meat and fishery exports. Countries who signed TIFA with Pakistan received higher exports of milk and milk products from Pakistan. The free trade agreements of other countries with Pakistan results in lower meat exports as compared to transit trade agreements. Finally, countries who signed preferential trade agreements with Pakistan received higher fishery exports. Findings of this study would provide valuable input for policymakers which in turn will enable them to devise appropriate commercial policies for milk, meat, and fishery products.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Border Factors and Trade Agreements Affecting Meat, Milk and Fisheries Exports from Pakistan: Evidence from the Gravity Model Analysis

Hayat,

Ishaq

2023

Forman J. econ. stud.

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Heat stress effects on milk yield traits and metabolites and mitigation strategies for dairy cattle breeds reared in tropical and sub-tropical countries

et al. 2023

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Heat stress is an important problem for dairy industry in many parts of the world owing to its adverse effects on productivity and profitability. Heat stress in dairy cattle is caused by an increase in core body temperature, which affects the fat production in the mammary gland. It reduces milk yield, dry matter intake, and alters the milk composition, such as fat, protein, lactose, and solids-not-fats percentages among others. Understanding the biological mechanisms of climatic adaptation, identifying and exploring signatures of selection, genomic diversity and identification of candidate genes for heat tolerance within indicine and taurine dairy breeds is an important progression toward breeding better dairy cattle adapted to changing climatic conditions of the tropics. Identifying breeds that are heat tolerant and their use in genetic improvement programs is crucial for improving dairy cattle productivity and profitability in the tropics. Genetic improvement for heat tolerance requires availability of genetic parameters, but these genetic parameters are currently missing in many tropical countries. In this article, we reviewed the HS effects on dairy cattle with regard to (1) physiological parameters; (2) milk yield and composition traits; and (3) milk and blood metabolites for dairy cattle reared in tropical countries. In addition, mitigation strategies such as physical modification of environment, nutritional, and genetic development of heat tolerant dairy cattle to prevent the adverse effects of HS on dairy cattle are discussed. In tropical climates, a more and cost-effective strategy to overcome HS effects is to genetically select more adaptable and heat tolerant breeds, use of crossbred animals for milk production, i.e., crosses between indicine breeds such as Gir, white fulani, N’Dama, Sahiwal or Boran to taurine breeds such as Holstein-Friesian, Jersey or Brown Swiss. The results of this review will contribute to policy formulations with regard to strategies for mitigating the effects of HS on dairy cattle in tropical countries.

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Heat Stress Effects on Physiological and Milk Yield Traits of Lactating Holstein Friesian Crossbreds Reared in Tanga Region, Tanzania

Habimana,

Nguluma,

Nziku

et al. 2024

Animals

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Global warming caused by climate change is a challenge for dairy farming, especially in sub-Saharan countries. Under high temperatures and relative humidity, lactating dairy cows suffer from heat stress. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects and relationship of heat stress (HS) measured by the temperature–humidity index (THI) regarding the physiological parameters and milk yield and composition of lactating Holstein Friesian crossbred dairy cows reared in the humid coastal region of Tanzania. A total of 29 lactating Holstein Friesian x Zebu crossbred dairy cows with 50% (HF50) and 75% (HF75) Holstein Friesian gene levels in the second and third months of lactation were used. The breed composition of Holstein Friesians was determined based on the animal recording system used at the Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI), Tanga. The data collected included the daily temperature, relative humidity, daily milk yield, and physiological parameters (core body temperature, rectal temperature, respiratory rate, and panting score). THI was calculated using the equation of the National Research Council. The THI values were categorized into three classes, i.e., low THI (76–78), moderate THI (79–81), and high THI (82–84). The effects of THI on the physiological parameters and milk yield and composition were assessed. The effects of the genotype, the parity, the lactation month, and the interaction of these parameters with THI on the milk yield, milk composition, and physiological parameters were also investigated. The results show that THI and its interaction with genotypes, parity, and the lactation month had a highly significant effect on all parameters. THI influenced (p ˂ 0.05) the average daily milk yield and milk fat %, protein %, lactose %, and solids–not–fat %. As the THI increased from moderate to high levels, the average daily milk yield declined from 3.49 ± 0.04 to 3.43 ± 0.05 L/day, while the fat % increased from 2.66 ± 0.05% to 3.04 ± 0.06% and the protein decreased from 3.15 ± 0.02% to 3.13 ± 0.03%. No decline in lactose % was observed, while the solid–not–fat % declined from 8.56 ± 0.08% to 8.55 ± 0.10% as the THI values increased from moderate to high. Also, the THI influenced physiological parameters (p ˂ 0.05). The core body temperature (CBT), rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR) and panting score (PS) increased from 35.60 ± 0.01 to 36.00 ± 0.01 °C, 38.03 ± 0.02 to 38.30 ± 0.02 °C, 62.53 ± 0.29 to 72.35 ± 0.28 breaths/min, and 1.35 ± 0.01 to 1.47 ± 0.09, respectively, as the THI increased from low to high. The THI showed a weak positive correlation with the average daily milk yield and fat percentage, whereas the protein, lactose, and solids–not–fat percentages showed negative relationships with THI (p ≤ 0.05). CBT, RT, RR, and PS showed positive relationships (p ≤ 0.05) with THI. These negative relationships indicate that there is an antagonistic correlation between sensitivity to HS and the level of production. It is concluded that the THI, the genotype, the parity, and the lactation month, along with their interactions with THI, significantly influenced the milk yield, milk composition, and physiological parameters of lactating Holstein Friesian dairy crosses at THI thresholds ranging from 77 to 84.

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Towards developing a beef meat export oriented policy in Tanzania: -Exploring the factors that influence beef meat exports-

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Cross-Border Factors and Trade Agreements Affecting Meat, Milk and Fisheries Exports from Pakistan: Evidence from the Gravity Model Analysis

Cross-Border Factors and Trade Agreements Affecting Meat, Milk and Fisheries Exports from Pakistan: Evidence from the Gravity Model Analysis

Heat stress effects on milk yield traits and metabolites and mitigation strategies for dairy cattle breeds reared in tropical and sub-tropical countries

Heat Stress Effects on Physiological and Milk Yield Traits of Lactating Holstein Friesian Crossbreds Reared in Tanga Region, Tanzania

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