Towards coplanar quantum-dot cellular automata adders based on efficient three-input XOR gate

Balali, Moslem; Rezai, Abdalhossein; Balali, Haideh; Rabiei, Faranak; Emadi, Saeid

doi:10.1016/j.rinp.2017.04.005

Cited by 93 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A coplanar QCA full adder is studied and implemented in [18] for low energy dissipation. The efficient 3 input XOR gate are implemented as a coplanar QCA technique in [19]. This approach basically implements 4 bit QCA Ripple Carry Adder.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing Logical Circuits with Four Phase Quantum Dot Cellular Clock using QCA Designer

Pathak*,

Singh

2020

IJRTE

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Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is treated as a most promising technology after CMOS techniques. The major advantages of QCA techniques are faster speed, lower energy consumption and smaller size. The implementation of clocks play very big role in the effective design of QCA circuits. In this paper, a QCA circuit is designed using the concept of QCA clocks. The proposed study describes a new method of implementing the logical function with power depletion analysis. The proposed logical function uses total number of 57 cells in which the area of each cell 372 nm2. The energy dissipation in this implementation is 18.79 meV and the total acquired area is 0.192 µm2. The proposed circuit is implemented utilizing QCA Designer. The proposal is excellent in the realization of nano-scale computing with minimal power utilization. The results are compared with the existing approaches and improvements of 6% in the area required and 7% in the number of cells are achieved

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing Logical Circuits with Four Phase Quantum Dot Cellular Clock using QCA Designer

Pathak*,

Singh

2020

IJRTE

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“…Full adders are taken into account as one of the most important and most widely used components in the digital systems. So far, many QCA full adders have been presented . The output equations of full‐adder with the inputs A , B and C in in terms of three‐input majority gates are expressed by Equations and :

C_{out} = italicAB + {BC}_{in} + {AC}_{in} = normalMV 3 ((), A, B, C_{in})

\begin{matrix} true \\ Sum & = AB C_{normalin} + \overset{true‾}{A} \overset{true‾}{B} C_{normalin} + A \overset{true‾}{B} \overset{true‾}{C_{normalin}} + \overset{true‾}{A} B \overset{true‾}{C_{normalin}} \\ = MV 3 (\overset{C_{out}}{true}, normalMV 3 (() C_{in}, B, \overset{true‾}{C_{out}}), A \end{matrix}

Recently, a full adder with fewer cells has been presented by Abedi et al The fault tolerance version of this full adder using the proposed fault‐tolerant three‐input majority gate is depicted in Figure .…”

Section: The Proposed Fault‐tolerant Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel ultra‐dense and low‐power structure for fault‐tolerant three‐input majority gate in QCA technology

Ahmadpour

Mosleh

2019

Concurrency and Computation

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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a very interesting nanoscale technology. Ultradense structure and ultralow power consumption are the most important features of QCA compared to CMOS. QCA circuits often suffer from various types of manufacturing defects and are therefore prone to fault. Hence, the design of fault-tolerant circuits in QCA technology is considered a necessity. In this paper, a novel fault-tolerant three-input majority gate is presented using 12 simple and rotated cells in QCA technology. The proposed structure is investigated against all kinds of cell omission, extra-cell deposition, and cell displacement defects. The simulation results are verified by QCADesigner 2.0.3, and it showed 100%, 89.29%, and 100% tolerance against single-cell omission, double-cell omission, and extra-cell deposition, respectively. In addition, the proposed structure is robust against cell displacement defects. Finally, using the proposed structure, a novel coplanar full adder is presented. The results were compared and indicated that the proposed designs are more reliable than the existing designs. Furthermore, QCAPro power estimator tool was employed to estimate the energy dissipation of the proposed structure. KEYWORDSfault-tolerant, nanotechnology, quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), three-input majority gate INTRODUCTIONIn the near future, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology is expected to reach the end of its way due to limitations such as switching speed, scaling specifications, high cost of lithography, and thermal challenges. 1-3 CMOS technology also suffers from lower tolerability and manufacturing diversity, which have a negative impact on the reliability of these devices, leading to an increase in the number of faults. Future CMOS constraints have led many researchers to design nanoscale devices. 4 Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) has appeared as a favorable new innovation for future integrated circuit generation, which can overcome CMOS constraints. 3 The simplest element in QCA technology is a square cell with four quantum dots located in its four corners. The transfer of information takes place by columbic interactions between the fundamental elements (cells) instead of electrical current. [3][4][5] Up to now, extensive attempts have been made on the design of various digital circuits such as multipliers, 6-8 adders, 9-19 memory devices, 20-23 arithmetic and logic unit, 24 and multiplexers [25][26][27][28][29] in QCA technology, but according to a conducted study by Bahar et al, 30 the high complexity of nanocircuit structures results in the need to design high fault-tolerant structures. The QCA technology encounters with a variety of manufacturing defects such as extra-cell deposition, cell omission, cell displacement, or cell misalignment that make QCA circuits unusable. 31,32 A three-input majority gate is considered one of the main basic gate in the QCA circuits. 33,34 Providing robust structures for the majority gate will result in the creation of fault-tolerant logic cir...

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“…The proposed multiplexer has been constructed based on the 2‐input XOR gate. XOR gate is a vital element that is commonly used in many digital logic designs . Traditionally, implementation of the QCA‐based XOR gate is done based on majority gates.…”

Section: Proposed Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new design of QCA‐based nanoscale multiplexer and its usage in communications

Xingjun¹,

Zhiwei²,

Cheng³

et al. 2019

Int J Communication

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Towards coplanar quantum-dot cellular automata adders based on efficient three-input XOR gate

Cited by 93 publications

References 23 publications

Implementing Logical Circuits with Four Phase Quantum Dot Cellular Clock using QCA Designer

Implementing Logical Circuits with Four Phase Quantum Dot Cellular Clock using QCA Designer

A novel ultra‐dense and low‐power structure for fault‐tolerant three‐input majority gate in QCA technology

A new design of QCA‐based nanoscale multiplexer and its usage in communications

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