Towards controlling PCDD/F production in a multi-fuel fired BFB boiler using two sulfur addition strategies. Part I: Experimental campaign and results

Bajamundi, Cyril; Vainikka, Pasi; Hedman, Merja; Hyytiäinen, Irina; Silvennoinen, Jaani; Heinanen, Teemu; Taipale, Raili; Konttinen, Jukka

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2014.05.034

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In fact, co-combustion of MSW or sewage sludge and sulfurcontaining coal or peat is a pathway of PCDD/Fs reduction (Yan et al, 2006;Zhang et al, 2013;Bajamundi et al, 2014aBajamundi et al, , 2014bBajamundi et al, , 2014c. In large incinerators, when MSW is burned blended with sulfur-containing coal, the emission of PCDD/Fs is reduced by 80% (Gullett et al, 2000b).…”

Section: Cucl2mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of dioxin-related substances during municipal solid waste incineration

et al. 2015

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Section: Cucl2mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of dioxin-related substances during municipal solid waste incineration

et al. 2015

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“…Other chemical agents, like ammonia, have been tested for possible inhibiting effects on PCDD/F formation but the results so far were not as effective, especially for large plants (Buekens et al, 2001;Wielgosinski, 2011;Lundin and Jansson, 2014;Lechtanska and Wielgosinski, 2014). On the other hand, the use of dioxin suppressors like SO 2, CaO, or nitrogen compounds has been proven to have a large effect in suppressing the chlorination rate and blocking the metallic active centers in dust particles, which are some of the main mechanisms during dioxin formation (Altarawneh et al, 2009;Wielgosinski, 2011;Zeng et al, 2011;Bajamundi et al, 2014). This can be done by the addition of relatively high-sulfur coal as fuel for combustion, or by the introduction of quick lime (CaO) as an economical cohesive element.…”

Section: Technologies To Control Dioxin Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the current state and main sources of dioxins around the world

Dopico

Gómez

2015

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

113

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are a group of dangerous compounds, emitted mostly from anthropogenic sources, that have negative effects on human health. Therefore, it is interesting to analyze the emission patterns of dioxins proceeding from different sources around the world, to observe the actual trend of the transmission of dioxins and furans into the atmosphere.For that reason, the main objective of the present document is to provide a general assessment about the dioxin problematic, analyzing the main parameters that influence the ambient concentration of dioxins worldwide, and describing the most characteristic features of the fingerprint from different sources, while making emphasis in the importance that non-industrial sources are gaining over the last years in front of the decreasing tendency of industrial sources. The description of the most important abatement technologies for dioxins is also included in this review.Implications: Given the negative effects of dioxins in human health, it is important to depict and locate the main sources of these dangerous compounds. Emissions proceeding from industrial facilities have decreased over the last years; however, other zones where nonindustrial sources used to be relevant contributors do not show the same decreasing tendency because it is more difficult to control this type of emissions. For that reason, future studies should focus on measuring and regulating this highly uncontrolled source of dioxins.

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“…Inhibiting chlorination of aromatics is one of the most efficient methods to reduce the emission of highly toxic chlorinated aromatics from industrial combustion processes. In recent two decades, application of chlorination inhibitors containing S and (or) N elements to reduce the emission of chlorinated aromatics especially PCDD/Fs has been practiced in some municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plants and metal smelting plants. − Thiourea (TU) containing both S and N elements was found to pose a higher efficiency to reduce the emission of chlorinated aromatics. Several laboratory studies have indicated that thiourea addition could result in above 90% reduction in the formation of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and chlorobenzenes. − It was reported that the industrial application of thiourea usually achieved a reduction of 50–80% in dioxin emission. − However, until now, the mechanism of inhibiting the formation of chlorinated aromatics by thiourea was still not adequately understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition Effect and Mechanism of Thiourea on Electrophilic Chlorination of Aromatics in Combustion Flue Gas

Ren

Zhang

Fan

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Thiourea can effectively inhibit the formation of highly toxic chlorinated aromatics in postcombustion zone. However, the inhibition mechanism was still not adequately understood. In this study, naphthalene was adopted as a model aromatic compound to investigate the inhibition effect and mechanism of thiourea on the formation of chlorinated aromatics via electrophilic chlorination over Cu and Fe chlorides. Thiourea addition resulted in the reductions of 77.6–99.8% and 36.4–98.1% in the yield of polychlorinated naphthalenes from naphthalene chlorination mediated by CuCl2 and FeCl3 at 150–300 °C, respectively. The inhibition efficiency of chlorination presented a decreasing tendency with increasing reaction temperature and O2 content in flue gas. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the thiourea-induced reduction of highly active Cu (II) and Fe (III) chlorides to less active Cu (I) and Fe (II) chlorides was a primary mechanism for inhibiting aromatic chlorination. [thiourea–Cu]+ complex generated during the reduction process could be transformed into CuS and Cu2S, and isomeric reaction product NH4SCN could react with Cu2+ to produce Cu(SCN)2 and then also form Cu sulfides, suggesting sulfidization of Cu chloride was another important inhibition mechanism. Chlorination inhibition induced by the volatile decomposition products of thiourea might only play a minor role.

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Towards controlling PCDD/F production in a multi-fuel fired BFB boiler using two sulfur addition strategies. Part I: Experimental campaign and results

Cited by 15 publications

References 52 publications

A review of dioxin-related substances during municipal solid waste incineration

A review of dioxin-related substances during municipal solid waste incineration

Review of the current state and main sources of dioxins around the world

Inhibition Effect and Mechanism of Thiourea on Electrophilic Chlorination of Aromatics in Combustion Flue Gas

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