Towards Control of Magnetic Fluids in Patients: Directing Therapeutic Nanoparticles to Disease Locations

Nacev, Alek; Komaee, Arash; Sarwar, Azeem; Probst, Roland; Kim, Skye H.; Emmert‐Buck, Michael R.; Shapiro, Benjamin

doi:10.1109/mcs.2012.2189052

Cited by 87 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 233 publications

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“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Because two or more magnets can be utilized to push particles, 16 the method can be applied to therapies directed toward the back of the eye 6,7 and the inner ear. [17][18][19] However, there is a difficulty associated with magnetic focusing in central targets, which is explained in part by Samuel Earnshaw's 1842 theorem. 20 The theorem proves that spherical particles (SPPs) cannot be focused in a static magnetic field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation studies of a novel electromagnetic actuation scheme for focusing magnetic micro/nano-carriers into a deep target region

Zhang

Hoshiar

et al. 2017

AIP Advances

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The ability to focus spherical particles (SPPs) to a deep tumor region remains one of the major challenges in magnetic drug targeting (MDT). A number of studies have attempted to overcome this problem using fast magnetic pulses and ferromagnetic rods. However, focusing of the SPPs in the deep body organs remains unsolved using existing schemes. In this paper, we propose a novel electro-magnetic actuation scheme for pushing and focusing SPPs. The simulation results demonstrate that the newly proposed actuation scheme can focus SPPs to a target surface region, inside of a block filled with an environment that has the characteristics of blood. We then investigated the effects of the proposed focusing scheme in realistic blood vessels with a maximum length of about 10–12 cm. The results show that SPPs of 500 nm can be concentrated onto a target tumor region with up to 97.9% efficiency. The proposed electromagnetic actuation scheme can maximize the efficiency of MDT, while minimizing the side effects of drugs in other tissues.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation studies of a novel electromagnetic actuation scheme for focusing magnetic micro/nano-carriers into a deep target region

Zhang

Hoshiar

et al. 2017

AIP Advances

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“…In the very near field, where dimensions are a small fraction of a wavelength, antenna array techniques cannot be used to produce the desired effect. Furthermore, Earnshaw's theorem can be used to show that focusing a low frequency magnetic field in three dimensions is not directly attainable [1]. In order to overcome this limitation, the focusing will be performed in one dimension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This directs but does not concentrate the field. Other works in the area of magnetic drug targeting use multiple coils to achieve the targeted drug delivery [1,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of a Magnetic Field Concentrated in One Dimension

Sessel¹,

Hofsajer²

2014

PIER

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Abstract-The focusing of a magnetic field, at low frequencies, in the very near field is difficult as flux lines naturally tend to disperse. It is not possible to use antenna array techniques due to large wavelengths at low frequencies. A method for synthesizing a concentrated magnetic field in a large air gap between two magnetic poles is presented. The focusing effect is brought about by the inclusion of side poles, adjacent to each of the main poles. Through the correct dimensioning of the side poles' reluctances and relative magneto-motive forces it is possible to focus the field in the center of the gap. General design curves for normalized parameters, determined via finite element modelling, are presented. A scale model is experimentally verified.

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“…33 If this arrangement could be designed with a light weight and as a mobile solution to enable longer magnet exposure times, for example, at bedside, long circulating ION formulations could be attracted more efficiently to the desired tissue/organ. A more sophisticated method that relies on a dynamic feedback control scheme of eight electromagnets positioned around the patient was proposed in 2012 by Nacev et al 74 During the course of simulation, however, perfect real-time imaging was assumed to assess the current position of a SPION assembly, which in turn was fed back into the control algorithm that orchestrates the magnets.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote magnetic targeting of iron oxide nanoparticles for cardiovascular diagnosis and therapeutic drug delivery: where are we now?

Bietenbeck¹,

Florian²,

Faber³

et al. 2016

IJN

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows for an accurate assessment of both functional and structural cardiac parameters, and thereby appropriate diagnosis and validation of cardiovascular diseases. The diagnostic yield of cardiovascular MRI examinations is often increased by the use of contrast agents that are almost exclusively based on gadolinium compounds. Another clinically approved contrast medium is composed of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs). These particles may expand the field of contrast-enhanced cardiovascular MRI as recently shown in clinical studies focusing on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, IONs open up new research opportunities such as remote magnetic drug targeting (MDT). The approach of MDT relies on the coupling of bioactive molecules and magnetic nanoparticles to form an injectable complex. This complex, in turn, can be attracted to and retained at a desired target inside the body with the help of applied magnetic fields. In comparison to common systemic drug applications, MDT techniques promise both higher concentrations at the target site and lower concentrations elsewhere in the body. Moreover, concurrent or subsequent MRI can be used for noninvasive monitoring of drug distribution and successful delivery to the desired organ in vivo. This review does not only illustrate the basic conceptual and biophysical principles of IONs, but also focuses on new research activities and achievements in the cardiovascular field, mainly in the management of AMI. Based on the presentation of successful MDT applications in preclinical models of AMI, novel approaches and the translational potential of MDT are discussed.

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Towards Control of Magnetic Fluids in Patients: Directing Therapeutic Nanoparticles to Disease Locations

Cited by 87 publications

References 233 publications

Simulation studies of a novel electromagnetic actuation scheme for focusing magnetic micro/nano-carriers into a deep target region

Simulation studies of a novel electromagnetic actuation scheme for focusing magnetic micro/nano-carriers into a deep target region

Synthesis of a Magnetic Field Concentrated in One Dimension

Remote magnetic targeting of iron oxide nanoparticles for cardiovascular diagnosis and therapeutic drug delivery: where are we now?

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