Towards consolidation of Gymnopilus taxonomy: the case of G. stabilis, G. sapineus, and G. penetrans

Five New Species of Gymnopilus from Xizang Autonomous Region of China and Surrounding Areas

“…Gymnopilus penetrans is similar to Gy. gyirongensis because they share the characteristic of a smooth pileus covered with yellow and rusty brown squamules on the surface and can be found under conifers and deciduous trees [ 2 , 32 ]. However, Gy.…”

“…Their respective characterization are Gy. stabilis having yellowish orange to light orange pilei and possessing bigger basidispores (7.5–8.5 × 4.5–5 µm), growing in sandy soil [ 32 ]; Gy. sapineus has yellowish brown to rusty brown pileus covered with fibrillose-tomentum to tomentum–scaly, and it possess bigger basidiospores (7.3–8.2 × 4.5–5.2 µm), fruiting on dead wood, but Gy.…”

“…The sequences produced from this study and some generated by a previous work and deposited in the NCBI GenBank database were used in our phylogenetic analyses [ 2 , 7 , 9 , 19 , 20 , 32 , 33 ] ( Table 1 ). Sequences of multigene data were aligned separately using Muscle version 3.6 [ 34 ], then manually adjusted to remove ambiguous regions in BioEdit version 7.0.4 [ 35 ].…”

“…penetrans develop bigger basidiopores (7.2-9.9 × 4-5.5 µm) than those of Gy. gyirongensis [6]. Moreover, these two species have 29 base pair differences in their ITS sequences.…”

“…Gymnopilus species can be characterized by the morphological characteristics of their hemispherical or convex cap; yellowish, brownish, greenish, or purplish pileus; adnate or adnexed lamellae; fibrous and sometimes membranous or filamentous curtain; the presence of an arachnoid to membranous veil; roughened or verrucose appearance; and basidiospores that are yellow to yellowish brown and then rusty brown. Some species usually have a bitter taste and clamp connections present on almost all kinds of hyphae [5][6][7][8][9]. The majority of Gymnopilus species are saprobes, and some species generate psilocybin, a psychedelic compound that can lead to nerve poisoning [7,10].…”