Towards closed-loop material flow in additive manufacturing: Recyclability analysis of thermoplastic waste

Di, Lei; Yang, Yiran

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132427

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Arguably, the integrity of recycled polymers declines significantly over time, indicating that they might not be reliable for extended periods. For instance, findings of an experimental study involving six plastic recycling cycles by Di and Yang [ 43 ] demonstrate that Young’s modulus, the strain and stress at the breakpoint, rheological properties, and hardness decrease for every recycling cycle. As such, the materials cannot be relied upon in the long run, given that their functional integrity can rapidly decline, rendering them risky.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors of [ 2 ] and Hidalgo-Carvajal et al [ 42 ] also reported deterioration in polymer mechanical and thermal properties when reprocessed. For instance, Di and Yang [ 43 ] conducted up to six consecutive injection and extrusion molding cycles, concluding that Young’s modulus, strain and stress at breakpoint, rheological properties, and hardness all decreased. All the changes were linked to scission, which reduces the overall molecular weight of the polymer.…”

Section: Risks Of Recycling Polymers Using 3d Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of the Viability of 3D Printing in Recycling Polymers

Maraveas,

Kyrtopoulos,

Arvanitis

2024

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The increased use of plastics in industrial and agricultural applications has led to high levels of pollution worldwide and is a significant challenge. To address this plastic pollution, conventional methods such as landfills and incineration are used, leading to further challenges such as the generation of greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, increasing interest has been directed to identifying alternative methods to dispose of plastic waste from agriculture. The novelty of the current research arose from the lack of critical reviews on how 3-Dimensional (3D) printing was adopted for recycling plastics, its application in the production of agricultural plastics, and its specific benefits, disadvantages, and limitations in recycling plastics. The review paper offers novel insights regarding the application of 3D printing methods including Fused Particle Fabrication (FPF), Hot Melt Extrusion (HME), and Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) to make filaments from plastics. However, the methods were adopted in local recycling setups where only small quantities of the raw materials were considered. Data was collected using a systematic review involving 39 studies. Findings showed that the application of the 3D printing methods led to the generation of agricultural plastics such as Polylactic Acid (PLA), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), which were found to have properties comparable to those of virgin plastic, suggesting the viability of 3D printing in managing plastic pollution. However, limitations were also associated with the 3D printing methods; 3D-printed plastics deteriorated rapidly under Ultraviolet (UV) light and are non-biodegradable, posing further risks of plastic pollution. However, UV stabilization helps reduce plastic deterioration, thus increasing longevity and reducing disposal. Future directions emphasize identifying methods to reduce the deterioration of 3D-printed agricultural plastics and increasing their longevity in addition to UV stability.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risks Of Recycling Polymers Using 3d Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Viability of 3D Printing in Recycling Polymers

Maraveas,

Kyrtopoulos,

Arvanitis

2024

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[31] The ultimate goal is to establish a complete closed-loop system for additive manufacturing of high-performance functional photopolymers, ensuring sustainability and minimizing the environmental footprint of 3D printing processes. [32]…”

Section: Chemical Recycling Of 3d Printed Thermosets With Dynamic Cov...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the upcycling of printed structures through aminolysis presents another potential avenue for achieving this goal [31] . The ultimate goal is to establish a complete closed‐loop system for additive manufacturing of high‐performance functional photopolymers, ensuring sustainability and minimizing the environmental footprint of 3D printing processes [32] …”

Section: Chemical Recycling Of 3d Printed Thermosets With Dynamic Cov...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Vat Photopolymerization‐Based 3D‐Printing through Dynamic Covalent Network Photopolymers

Pruksawan,

Chong,

Zen

et al. 2024

Chemistry An Asian Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vat photopolymerization (VPP) based three‐dimensional (3D) printing, including stereolithography (SLA) and digital light projection (DLP), is known for producing intricate, high‐precision prototypes with superior mechanical properties. However, the challenge lies in the non‐recyclability of covalently crosslinked thermosets used in these printing processes, limiting the sustainable utilization of printed prototypes. This review paper examines the recently explored avenue of VPP 3D‐printed dynamic covalent network (DCN) polymers, which enable reversible crosslinks and allow for the reprocessing of printed prototypes, promoting sustainability. These reversible crosslinks facilitate the rearrangement of crosslinked polymers, providing printed polymers with chemical/physical recyclability, self‐healing capabilities, and degradability. While various mechanisms for DCN polymer systems are explored, this paper focuses solely on photocurable polymers to highlight their potential to revolutionize the sustainability of VPP 3D printing.

show abstract

“…Nylon filament has high flexibility and high toughness. Its extruder melting point is calculated at 250 °C, and also, nylon is used in clothing, seat belt, and conveyor applications as mentioned in Figure 8[88][89][90].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Opportunities in Additive Manufacturing Polymer Technology: A Review Based on Optimization Perspective

Raja

Rajan

2023

Advances in Polymer Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the emerging modern technology of additive manufacturing, the need for optimization can be found in literature in many places. Additive manufacturing (AM) is making an object layer by layer directly from digital data. Previous works of literature have classified additive manufacturing processes into seven types. However, there is a lack of comprehensive review describing the optimization challenges and opportunities in the material extrusion process (polymer technology) and also the need for FDM polymer materials application in impeller making. In this review paper, a specific optimization method called multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) from the mathematical programming technique used in additive manufacturing polymer technology (AMPT) is discussed. The other topics such as different types of optimization techniques, applications of different MCDM tools and their applications in different fields including AM, and the optimization challenges and opportunities in AMPT particularly impeller application are discussed.

show abstract

Towards closed-loop material flow in additive manufacturing: Recyclability analysis of thermoplastic waste

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Evaluation of the Viability of 3D Printing in Recycling Polymers

Evaluation of the Viability of 3D Printing in Recycling Polymers

Sustainable Vat Photopolymerization‐Based 3D‐Printing through Dynamic Covalent Network Photopolymers

Challenges and Opportunities in Additive Manufacturing Polymer Technology: A Review Based on Optimization Perspective

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About