Towards better modeling of supermarkets

Abstract

-In this paper we introduce the supermarket setout problem which aims at finding an appropriate setout of products (i.e. which product should be placed on which position at which shelf) w.r.t. the expected profit, access time (time required to find a product), etc. Finding a good setout of products is important both in the customer-area and in the background store of supermarkets. The admissible setouts are constrained by laws (like food is not allowed to be placed next to chemicals) and "setout traditions" (even if two products are allowed to be placed next to each other by law, it may look "strange"). After taking all such requirements into account, there are usually still a great number of possible setouts that are generally greatly different from various aspects, like expected profit, customer satisfaction, or the time required to find a product. Therefore, finding an appropriate (closely optimal) solution is a crucial issue. Complex business problems, like the above supermarket setout problem, are often solved by means of artificial intelligence techniques that exploit results of advanced statistical analysis or data mining. In this paper, we develop a new algorithm for the supermarket setout problem. This is based on a combination of constraint satisfaction algorithms and frequent itemset mining (also known as market basket analysis).

The regression models for lifelong learning competencies for teacher trainers

“…To examine the perceptions of teacher trainers on the lifelong learning, we used the Perceptions of Lifelong Learning Questionnaire, which was developed by Ref. [ 7 ]. After adapting and translating it into the context of our study, this instrument is one dimensional and composed of 9 items (e.g.…”

“…Several scholars have identified the factors that can affect lifelong learning abilities, such as the work of [ 6 ] on tendencies for lifelong learning among university students. Reference [ 7 ] investigated perceptions of lifelong learning and suggested that education can be organized to ensure quality and lifelong learning. Reference [ 8 ] found four aspects that can contribute to the development of lifelong learning skills: curricular structure, the institution's resources, learning and instruction, and the assessment system.…”

“…Previous studies have also had a gap in their participant populations. Most have examined students, primary school teachers, undergraduates, postgraduates, student teachers, teacher educators, administrators, and academic staff, but not much studies were seen in teacher education that examined the factors that contribute to teacher trainers' lifelong learning competencies, with the single exception of [ 7 ]. It is also necessary, to check the variables in the literature, as perceptions about lifelong learning and learning strategies may also influence lifelong learning capabilities.…”

Foundations of legal doctrine – Somló’s constitutional theory and the Hungarian doctrinal school of public laws

“…'The personhood of the state means that the state can be a legal subject, the holder of rights and duties.' 58 As formulated by the classical authors of state-law positivism, the peculiar nature of state power is due to the fact that it refers to a ruling will, issuing unconditional commands and enforcing its commands by its own power. In a modern state, only the power of the state is a ruling power; individuals or bodies can exert such power only if commissioned by the state.…”

“…In a modern state, only the power of the state is a ruling power; individuals or bodies can exert such power only if commissioned by the state. 59 It does not follow, however, that the public-law personality of the state should be separated from its civil-law one. Buza himself emphasised, following Jellinek, that…”