Towards being genuinely smart: ‘isothermally-responsive’ polymers as versatile, programmable scaffolds for biologically-adaptable materials

Phillips, Daniel J.; Gibson, Matthew I.

doi:10.1039/c4py01539h

Cited by 45 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(200 reference statements)

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“…These responsive materials have found applications in sensors, 1 surface modifications, 2 actuators, 3 or scaffolds, 4 but most interestingly they play a key role in efficient pharmaceutical delivery systems. [5][6][7][8] Upon a change of environment such as pH, temperature, or light 9 they undergo a modification in their structure or disassemble into smaller parts.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tunable Length of Cyclic Peptide–Polymer Conjugate Self-Assemblies in Water

et al. 2016

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Polymers conjugated to cyclic peptides capable of forming strong hydrogen bonds can self-assemble into supramolecular bottlebrushes even in aqueous solutions. However, controlling the aggregation of these supramolecular assemblies remains an obstacle that is yet to be overcome. By introducing pH-responsive poly(dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate) (pDMAEMA) arms, the repulsive forces were tuned by adjusting the degree of protonation on the polymer arms.Neutron scattering experiments demonstrated that conjugates in an uncharged state will self-assemble into supramolecular bottlebrushes. Reducing the pH in the system led to a decrease in the number of aggregation, which was reversible by addition of base. Potentiometric titration showed a correlation between the number of aggregation and the degree of ionization of the pDMAEMA arms. Hence, a balance between the strength of the hydrogen bonds and the repulsive electrostatic interactions determines the number of aggregation and extent of self-assembly. The presented work demonstrates that conjugate selfassociation can be controlled by tuning the charge density on the conjugated polymer arms, paving the way for the use of responsive cyclic peptide conjugates in pharmaceutical applications.

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confidence: 99%

Tunable Length of Cyclic Peptide–Polymer Conjugate Self-Assemblies in Water

et al. 2016

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“…These changes are a response to physical or chemical alterations in the environment, such as shift in temperature, pressure, electric or magnetic field, ionic strength, or pH. Research involving the synthesis and applicability of stimuli‐responsive polymers has escalated significantly over the last couple decades, catapulting these advanced materials to the forefront of several research fields, including biomedical and environmental . Systems that are temperature, or thermo, responsive have been one of the most prevalent for smart polymer design and are characterized by their thermoreversible properties in aqueous solutions .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermoresponsive polymers exhibit a phase change at their critical solution temperature and such behavior can be attributed to disruption of intra and intermolecular interactions that cause the polymer to either expand or collapse within the aqueous solvent . Polymers with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) will display phase separation (e.g., precipitation) above a specific temperature, while those with an upper critical solution temperature will display phase separation (e.g., precipitation) below a specific temperature . In hydrogel systems, where there is an increased or decreased swelling around this transition temperature, investigators sometimes refer to this swelling transition as the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research involving the synthesis and applicability of stimuli-responsive polymers has escalated significantly over the last couple decades, catapulting these advanced materials to the forefront of several research fields, including biomedical and environmental. [1][2][3][4] Systems that are temperature, or thermo, responsive have been one of the most prevalent for smart polymer design and are characterized by their thermoreversible properties in aqueous solutions. [5][6][7] Thermoresponsive polymers exhibit a phase change at their critical solution temperature and such behavior can be attributed to disruption of intra and intermolecular interactions that cause the polymer to either expand or collapse within the aqueous solvent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multifunctional temperature‐responsive polymers as advanced biomaterials and beyond

Frazar

Shah

Dziubla

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The versatility and applicability of thermoresponsive polymeric systems have led to great interest and a multitude of publications. Of particular significance, multifunctional poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) systems based on PNIPAAm copolymerized with various functional comonomers or based on PNIPAAm combined with nanomaterials exhibiting unique properties. These multifunctional PNIPAAm systems have revolutionized several biomedical fields such as controlled drug delivery, tissue engineering, self‐healing materials, and beyond (e.g., environmental treatment applications). Here, we review these multifunctional PNIPAAm‐based systems with various cofunctionalities, as well as highlight their unique applications. For instance, addition of hydrophilic or hydrophobic comonomers can allow for polymer lower critical solution temperature modification, which is especially helpful for physiological applications. Natural comonomers with desirable functionalities have also drawn significant attention as pressure surmounts to develop greener, more sustainable materials. Typically, these systems also tend to be more biocompatible and biodegradable and can be advantageous for use in biopharmaceutical and environmental applications. PNIPAAm‐based polymeric nanocomposites are reviewed as well, where incorporation of inorganic or carbon nanomaterials creates synergistic systems that tend to be more robust and widely applicable than the individual components. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48770.

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“…The physical stimuli, such as temperature, electric or magnetic fields, and mechanical stress, will affect the level of various energy sources and alter molecular interactions at critical onset points. These responses of polymer systems are very useful in biomedical applications such as drug delivery, biotechnology, and chromatography [27]. The pH and temperature-responsive block copolymers are of considerable importance because they can form polymeric micelles, vesicles, or hollow nanospheres in aqueous media via changing the surrounding environment, and further provide a variety of applications for switchable interfaces, coatings, paints, and adhesives besides areas of biomedicine.…”

Section: Stimuli-responsive Amphiphilic Block Copolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction of Polymer Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Applications

Rempel¹

2015

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The essence of "nano-" science and technology is based on the finding that the properties of materials over the size range of 1-100 nm differ from those of the bulk material. The unique properties of these various types of intentionally produced nanomaterials provide them with novel electrical, catalytic, magnetic, mechanical, thermal, and imaging features that are highly desirable for applications in commercial, medical, military, and environmental sectors. These materials may also find their way into more complex nanostructures and systems. As new uses for materials with these special properties are identified, the number of products containing such nanomaterials and their possible applications continues to grow.In the fields of molecular biology and medicine, cancer has been the leading cause of death and a serious threat to the body health of *Corresponding author: Garry L Rempel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Tel: +1 5198884567, Extn: 32702; Fax: +1 5197464979; E-mail: grempel@uwaterloo.ca Citation: Wang H, Rempel GL (2015) Introduction of Polymer Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Applications. J Nanotechnol Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2: 008. human beings. Until now, the main techniques to fight cancer are non-targeted chemotherapy and radiation. However, it is unavoidable to prevent systematic side effects to the human body due to non-specific uptake by normal, healthy, noncancerous tissues because of the instinctive properties of the chemotherapy chemical agent featured with high toxicity and a lack of tumor specificity.In order to overcome the limitations of free chemotherapeutic agents, targeting of tumors with nanoparticulate drug carriers has received much attention and expectance [1,2]. Nanocarriers can offer many avenues over free drugs for the following aspects [3]: (1) protect the drug from premature degradation; (2) prevent drugs from prematurely interacting with the biological environment; (3) enhance absorption of the drugs into a selected tissue (for example, solid tumour); (4) control the pharmacokinetic and drug distribution profile; and (5) improve intracellular penetration.Let us first recall the important moments in the short but rapid development history of drug delivery systems (Figure 1). Lipid is the first nanotechnology based drug delivery system, which was discovered in the 1960s and later known as liposomes [4]. After that, biomaterials made of a variety of organic and inorganic substances were developed for drug delivery. In 1976, the first controlled release polymer drug delivery system was reported [5]. In 1980, pH stimuli drug delivery systems to trigger drug release [6] and cell specific targeting of liposomes were reported [7,8]. In 1987, the first long circulating liposome named "stealth liposomes" was described [9]. Subsequently, the use of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) was known to increase circulation times for liposomes [10] and polymer nanoparticles [11] in 1990 and 1994, respe...

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Towards being genuinely smart: ‘isothermally-responsive’ polymers as versatile, programmable scaffolds for biologically-adaptable materials

Cited by 45 publications

References 122 publications

Tunable Length of Cyclic Peptide–Polymer Conjugate Self-Assemblies in Water

Tunable Length of Cyclic Peptide–Polymer Conjugate Self-Assemblies in Water

Multifunctional temperature‐responsive polymers as advanced biomaterials and beyond

Introduction of Polymer Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Applications

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