Towards an understanding of adaptive cruise control

Marsden, Greg; McDonald, M.; Brackstone, Mark

doi:10.1016/s0968-090x(00)00022-x

Cited by 321 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The differential benefit of the EID display between the two failure types mirrors the conflict in the literature regarding the benefits (Rakha et al, 2001;Ioannou and Stefanovic, 2005;Lee et al, in press) and disbenefits of ACC (Stanton et al, 1997;Stanton and Young, 1998;Hoedemaeker, 2000;Marsden et al, 2001; Rudin-Brown and Parker, 2004; Young and Stanton, 2004). This study suggests such conflicts may result both from differing experimental paradigms for comparing manual and ACC control (Young and Stanton, 2004), and from exposing drivers to failures without regard to the environmental context in which those failures would occur (Bagheri and Jamieson, 2004).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

Making adaptive cruise control (ACC) limits visible

Seppelt

Lee

2007

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies

198

104

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Previous studies have shown adaptive cruise control (ACC) can compromise driving safety when drivers do not understand how the ACC functions, suggesting that drivers need to be informed about the capabilities of this technology. This study applies ecological interface design (EID) to create a visual representation of ACC behavior, which is intended to promote appropriate reliance and support effective transitions between manual and ACC control. The EID display reveals the behavior of ACC in terms of time headway (THW), time to collision (TTC), and range rate. This graphical representation uses emergent features that signal the state of the ACC. Two failure modes-exceedance of braking algorithm limits and sensor failures-were introduced in the driving contexts of traffic and rain, respectively. A medium-fidelity driving simulator was used to evaluate the effect of automation (manual, ACC control), and display (EID, no display) on ACC reliance, brake response, and driver intervention strategies. Drivers in traffic conditions relied more appropriately on ACC when the EID display was present than when it was not, proactively disengaging the ACC. The EID display promoted faster and more consistent braking responses when braking algorithm limits were exceeded, resulting in safe following distances and no collisions. In manual control, the EID display aided THW maintenance in both rain and traffic conditions, reducing the demands of driving and promoting more consistent and less variable car-following performance. These results suggest that providing drivers with continuous information about the state of the automation is a promising alternative to the more common approach of providing imminent crash warnings when it fails. Informing drivers may be more effective than warning drivers. r

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

Making adaptive cruise control (ACC) limits visible

Seppelt

Lee

2007

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies

198

104

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“…Up to now, there is not even clarity about the sign of the effect. Some investigations predict a positive effect [9], while others are more pessimistic [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delays, inaccuracies and anticipation in microscopic traffic models

Treiber

Kesting

Helbing

2006

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

471

269

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We generalize a wide class of time-continuous microscopic traffic models to include essential aspects of driver behaviour not captured by these models. Specifically, we consider (i) finite reaction times, (ii) estimation errors, (iii) looking several vehicles ahead (spatial anticipation), and (iv) temporal anticipation. The estimation errors are modelled as stochastic Wiener processes and lead to time-correlated fluctuations of the acceleration.We show that the destabilizing effects of reaction times and estimation errors can essentially be compensated for by spatial and temporal anticipation, that is, the combination of stabilizing and destabilizing effects results in the same qualitative macroscopic dynamics as that of the respectively underlying simple car-following model. In many cases, this justifies the use of simplified, physics-oriented models with a few parameters only. Although the qualitative dynamics is unchanged, multianticipation increase both spatial and temporal scales of stop-and-go waves and other complex patterns of congested traffic in agreement with real traffic data. Remarkably, the anticipation allows accident-free smooth driving in complex traffic situations even if reaction times exceed typical time headways.

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“…According to [5], ACC has no impact on the traffic performance if the level of ACC-equipped vehicles is low. The minimum time gap that can be achieved by ACC vehicles is 0.8 seconds [6] . Reference [2] concluded in their study that with a relatively high penetration of ACC (more than 60% penetration), and even under the most advantageous conditions, the ACC system can only have a slight impact on highway capacity and performance.…”

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

A Progressive Deployment Strategy for Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control to Improve Traffic Dynamics

Arnaout

Bowling

2014

Int. J. Autom. Comput.

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Cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) vehicles are intelligent vehicles that use vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) to share traffic information in real time. Previous studies have shown that CACC could have an impact on increasing highway capacities at high market penetration. Since reaching a high CACC market penetration level is not occurring in the near future, this study presents a progressive deployment approach that demonstrates to have a great potential of reducing traffic congestions at low CACC penetration levels. Using a previously developed microscopic traffic simulation model of a freeway with an on-ramp -created to induce perturbations and trigger stop-and-go traffic, the CACC system s effect on the traffic performance is studied. The results show significance and indicate the potential of CACC systems to improve traffic characteristics which can be used to reduce traffic congestion. The study shows that the impact of CACC is positive and not only limited to a high market penetration. By giving CACC vehicles priority access to high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes, the highway capacity could be significantly improved with a CACC penetration as low as 20%.

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Towards an understanding of adaptive cruise control

Cited by 321 publications

References 12 publications

Making adaptive cruise control (ACC) limits visible

Making adaptive cruise control (ACC) limits visible

Delays, inaccuracies and anticipation in microscopic traffic models

A Progressive Deployment Strategy for Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control to Improve Traffic Dynamics

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