Towards an internationally harmonized test method for reproductive and developmental effects of endocrine disrupters in marine copepods

Abstract

New and updated methods to detect and characterize endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are urgently needed for the purpose of environmental risk assessment since these substances are often not detected using existing chronic toxicity tests. Numerous reports on the effects of EDCs on crustacean development and reproduction have been published and the development of life-cycle tests with crustaceans has been prioritized within the OECD work program for endocrine disrupter testing and assessment. As a result, Sweden, and Denmark initiated a proposal for development of a full life-cycle test with marine copepods (Acartia tonsa, Nitocra spinipes, Tisbe battagliai, and Amphiascus tenuiremis). The present paper gives an overview on the endocrine system of crustaceans with special emphasis on development and reproduction, which are targets for endocrine disruption, and reviews available methods for detecting effects on development and reproduction in calanoid and harpacticoid copepods. A draft OECD guideline Copepod Development and Reproduction Test has been developed, and a pre-validation of this draft guideline was completed in 2005. An updated draft guideline, taking into account the results of the pre-validation, is now under validation in an international ring-test, which is running till the end of 2006.

Simultaneous Determination of Trace Polycyclic and Nitro Musks in Water Samples Using Optimized Solid-Phase Extraction by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry

“…In addition, a series of data have proved the As low concentrations of SMs are presented in aquatic inhibition effects of SMs on the larval development in the matrices, sample preconcentration is a critical step for both gas marine copepod. 13,14 It was also reported that these trace or liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Previously, pollutions have been detected in the human breast milk and simultaneous extraction of polycyclic musks and nitro musks adipose tissues.…”

Vitellogenin and vitellogenin receptor gene expression and 20-hydroxyecdysone concentration in Macrobrachium rosenbergii exposed to chlordecone

“…Another hypothesis could be that the increase of Vg expression would be due to an increase of the gonad-stimulating hormone (GSH) from the thoracic ganglion or the vitellogenin-stimulating ovarian hormone (VSOH) from the ovary, which seem to play a similar role as 17β-estradiol in egg-laying vertebrates (Hasegawa et al 1993;Kusk and Wollenberger 2007). Finally, the last assumption is related to the low levels of 20-hydroxyecdyone (as observed here after CLD exposure) coupled with the secretion of GSH by the thoracic ganglion, which could initiate the production of vitellogenin (Hyne 2011).…”

Utilization of Marine Crustaceans as Study Models: A New Approach in Marine Ecotoxicology for European (REACH) Regulation

“…During the last decade it has been widely employed in toxicity testing with several substances such as metals (Bielmyer et al, 2006), endocrine disruptors (Andersen et al, 2001;Kusk & Wollenberger, 2007), brominated compounds (Wollenberger et al, 2005), cosmetic and sunscreen components (Kusk et al, 2011), LAS (linear alkyl benzene sulfonate) (Christoffersen et al, 2003), insecticides Medina et al, 2002) and other different chemicals (Sverdrup et al, 2002).…”