“…Ontologies are claimed to be serving this purpose. Some useful applications of ontologies in simplifying and maintaining consistencies in communications as applied in knowledge engineering can be found in the studies of Schreiber, Akkermans, and Anjewierden (1999), Ribière and Charlton (2000), McGuinness et al (2000), Horrocks and Harmelen (2001), Fallside and Walmsley (2004), Dean et al (2002) and Grüninger et al (2010); in manufacturing and supply chain systems engineering in the studies of Gunasekaran and Ngai (2004), Grubic and Fan (2010), Lin and Harding (2007), Lohse, Hirani, and Ratchev (2006) and Yoon, Shin, and Suh (2012), Chang, Terpenny, and Koellinga (2010); and manufacturing systems and distributed planning in the studies of Ratchev and Lohse (2004), Lin and Harding (2007), Ye et al (2008), Soares, Azevedo, and de Sousa (2000), Lohse, Hirani, and Ratchev (2006), Lohse, Schäfer, and Ratchev (2006), Adam et al (2011) and Chatterjee and Matsuno (2005).…”