Towards an efficient liquid organic hydrogen carrier fuel cell concept

Sievi, Gabriel; Geburtig, Denise; Skeledzic, Tanja; Bösmann, Andreas; Preuster, Patrick; Brummel, Olaf; Waidhas, Fabian; Montero, María de Los Angeles; Khanipour, Peyman; Katsounaros, Ioannis; Libuda, Jörg; Mayrhofer, Karl Johann Jakob; Wasserscheid, Peter

doi:10.1039/c9ee01324e

Cited by 83 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Since little or no pressure is required, normal containers or tanks can be used. The volume or mass-related energy densities are higher than with conventional electrochemical storage devices (accumulators) and can reach around a quarter of the energy densities of liquid fossil fuels [10].…”

Section: Principle Of Energy Storage Via Hydrogen With Lohc Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen and Usability of Hydrogen Storage Technologies

Giese

Reiff-Stephan

2021

TH Wildau Eng. Nat. Sci. Proc.

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Science, technology and politics agree: hydrogen will be the energy carrier of the future. It will replace fossil fuels based on a sufficient supply from sustainable energy. Since the possibilities of storing and transporting hydrogen play a decisive role here, the so-called LOHC (Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers) can be used as carrier materials. LOHC carrier materials can reversibly absorb hydrogen, store it without loss and release it again when needed. Since little or no pressure is required, normal containers or tanks can be used. The volume or mass-related energy densities can reach around a quarter of liquid fossil fuels. This paper is to give an introduction to the field of hydrogen storage and usage of those LOHC, in particular. The developments of the last ten years have been related to the storage and transport of hydrogen with LOHC. These are crucial to meet the future demand for energy carriers e.g. for mobile applications. For this purpose, all transport systems are under consideration as well as the decentralized supply of rural areas with low technological penetration, e.g. regions of Western Africa which are often characterized by a lack of energy supply. Hydrogen bound in LOHC can provide a hazard-free alternative for distribution. The paper provides an overview of the conversion forms as well as the chemical carrier materials. Dibenzyltoluene as well as N-ethylcarbazole - as examples for LOHC - are discussed as well as chemical hydrogen storage materials like ammonia boranes as alternatives to LOHC.

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Section: Principle Of Energy Storage Via Hydrogen With Lohc Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen and Usability of Hydrogen Storage Technologies

Giese

Reiff-Stephan

2021

TH Wildau Eng. Nat. Sci. Proc.

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“…[62] Only recently, the employment of isopropanol as hydrogen energy carrier has attracting increasing interest avoiding the energy costs issues related to the dehydrogenation pathway of other LOHCs (i.e., perhydro dibenzyltoluene). [49,63] In addition, the use of isopropanol produces acetone without other byproducts; however, the research on direct i-PrOH fuel cell (DIFC) is still at its earlier stage and require much efforts in the improvement of devices architectures. [63a] As a consequence, much research has been focused on the production of these LOHCs [64][65][66] also from renewable sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs) as H‐Source for Bio‐Derived Fuels and Additives Production

Valentini

Marrocchi

Vaccaro

2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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consumption combined with a resource efficient circular economy approach, with the final goal of minimizing the impact of health, safety, security and environment.In the design of a greener future, the replacement of depleting sources with renewable ones is at the center of a sustainable development. [2] Biomass is a natural, abundant, renewable, carbon-neutral source; its use represents a promising strategy to address the need for substituting fossil feedstock in the preparation of chemicals, fuels, and materials, besides energy production. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The major issues that limit the large-scale utilization of biomass in fuel production are the differences in cost and process efficiencies compared to those for fossil fuels. [15] After the Covid-19 crisis, this aspect has become even more evident, as reported by the International Agency of Energy, ultimately causing the first contraction in biofuel production over the past two decades. [16] The reduced transport fuel demand and the decreased petroleum-based fuel prices have transitorily lowered the economic interest for biofuel production. In this pandemic and emergency scenario, therefore, has emerged even more clearly the importance of developing efficient strategies for biomass conversion into fuels, making economically attractive the use of environmentally friendly renewable energy systems (Figure 1). [17] Among the plethora of biomass transformations, hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation reactions are widely used for decreasing the oxygen content of biomass-derived platforms to increase their potential as fuels. [18][19][20] In this context, as well as in the challenging goal of creating a decarbonized energy system, hydrogen plays a prominent role in the chemical industry. [21][22][23][24] It is important to notice that the vast majority of the worldwide hydrogen production (45-65 Mt/year) features a significant CO 2 footprint as a consequence of different hydrocarbon reforming processes (i.e., steam-reforming of fossil fuels, thermal cracking of natural gas, solar-thermal reforming of methane) or of coal gasification. [25] Several efforts have been directed during the past years toward the definition of possible effective approaches to a green H 2 production by water splitting. [26][27][28][29][30][31] To date, however, both water electrolysis and photo-driven water splitting are economically and energetically unfavorable, with a long way ahead to hold the promise of a zero-carbon energy system. Indeed, the associated energy demand as well as the low market prices of oxygen, inevitably co-produced from water electrolysis, hinder the shaping of a large-scale employment of this technology.Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) are attractive materials for their ability to generate in situ hydrogen that may be directly used to produce target biofuel precursors, fuels or fuel additives. Indeed, the replacement of fossil feedstock is an urgent necessity for shifting toward a carbon neutral energy economy. Several desired chemica...

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“… 5 − 8 Still, development of efficient catalysts for hydrogen-storage has proven challenging, being subjected to fulfill a series of technical and practical prerequisites to become a disruptive technology. 9 − 13 One of the most constraining factors is the temperature at which the hydrogen is recovered from the organic carrier (90–300 °C). 14 , 15 Thermodynamically, dehydrogenation of organic molecules to release H 2 is an uphill process requiring high temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visible-Light-Promoted Iridium(III)-Catalyzed Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of N-Heterocycles at Room Temperature

et al. 2022

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An effective visible-light-promoted iridium(III)-catalyzed hydrogen production from N-heterocycles is described. A single iridium complex constitutes the photocatalytic system playing a dual task, harvesting visible-light and facilitating C–H cleavage and H 2 formation at room temperature and without additives. The presence of a chelating C–N ligand combining a mesoionic carbene ligand along with an amido functionality in the Ir III complex is essential to attain the photocatalytic transformation. Furthermore, the Ir III complex is also an efficient catalyst for the thermal reverse process under mild conditions, positioning itself as a proficient candidate for liquid organic hydrogen carrier technologies (LOHCs). Mechanistic studies support a light-induced formation of H 2 from the Ir–H intermediate as the operating mode of the iridium complex.

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Towards an efficient liquid organic hydrogen carrier fuel cell concept

Abstract: Transfer hydrogenation and fuel cell operation with the resulting product enables effective electrification of LOHC-bound hydrogen.

Cited by 83 publications

References 27 publications

Hydrogen and Usability of Hydrogen Storage Technologies

Hydrogen and Usability of Hydrogen Storage Technologies

Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs) as H‐Source for Bio‐Derived Fuels and Additives Production

Visible-Light-Promoted Iridium(III)-Catalyzed Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of N-Heterocycles at Room Temperature

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