Towards adult vaccination in India: a narrative literature review

Dash, Resham; Agrawal, Alka; Nagvekar, Vasant; Lele, Jayesh; Pasquale, Alberta Di; Kolhapure, Shafi; Parikh, Raunak

doi:10.1080/21645515.2019.1682842

Cited by 33 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…This issue of human vaccines and immunotherapeutic (HVI) has published a narrative review highlighting the burden of VPDs in India and argues for initiatives for stepping up adult vaccination. 12 The steps suggested include effective health education for public to understand the risks of VPDs and the benefits of vaccination. At the same time, ensuring that the health care system has an adequate capacity and strategies to deliver vaccines to adults as well as adequate financing mechanisms to support the expanded delivery of vaccines to adults.…”

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confidence: 99%

“… 13 There are a number of vaccines at various stages, benefits of which, can be optimized if adult population is also offered and systematically vaccinated. In context of the article published in this issue of journal, 12 it can be noted that adult vaccination has not often been considered as a major technical discussion including that it was not discussed in the first and only national vaccine policy of India in 2011. 14 Adult vaccination, a few times, has been deliberated in meetings of National Technical Advisory Group on Immunization in India, yet NTAGI does not have clear mandate to provide recommendations on vaccination for adults, beyond UIP.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The limited data suggests that the adult vaccination coverage in country is negligible. Dash et al 12 have made suggestions such as formulation of national adult vaccination policy for India, which could be desirable yet not sufficient. A number of high-income countries have formal recommendations but coverage of adults with vaccines remains low; though relatively better coverage in high-risk population groups.…”

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Adult vaccination in India: status and the way forward

Lahariya

Bhardwaj

2019

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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In the last two decades, the childhood vaccination coverage in most low and middle-income countries including India has increased. Additional vaccines are being offered through national immunization programs as well as through private sector and the benefits of vaccination are reaching to more children than ever. This has resulted in major decrease in vaccine preventable diseases and contributed to decline in the morbidity and mortality rates. This development is expected to result in epidemiological transition (which is already happening) and mandates for policies and strategies to extend the benefit of available vaccines and vaccination beyond traditionally target age groups to include the adults, elderly and the at-risk populations. This article reviews the present status of adult vaccination in India and proposes a few approaches to move towards life course vaccination.

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Adult vaccination in India: status and the way forward

Lahariya

Bhardwaj

2019

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…Supplementary analysis illustrates the importance of mass vaccination campaigns amongst adults, showing that without these additional efforts, overall impact on RR-TB incidence and mortality would drop by 85% (Supplementary Table 2 ). In practice, such catch-up efforts would need to be planned carefully: the existing coverage of adult immunisation in countries such as India presents substantial challenges 25 , 26 , which would likely apply to a future TB vaccine as well. In both types of vaccination effort, there are important considerations around whether the vaccine should be offered only to those with evidence of LTBI, or regardless.…”

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confidence: 99%

Modelling the global burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis avertable by a post-exposure vaccine

Lewnard

Frost

et al. 2021

Nat Commun

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There have been notable advances in the development of vaccines against active tuberculosis (TB) disease for adults and adolescents. Using mathematical models, we seek to estimate the potential impact of a post-exposure TB vaccine, having 50% efficacy in reducing active disease, on global rifampicin-resistant (RR-) TB burden. In 30 countries that together accounted for 90% of global RR-TB incidence in 2018, a future TB vaccine could avert 10% (95% credible interval: 9.7–11%) of RR-TB cases and 7.3% (6.6–8.1%) of deaths over 2020–2035, with India, China, Indonesia, Pakistan, and the Russian Federation having the greatest contribution. This impact would increase to 14% (12–16%) and 31% (29–33%) respectively, when combined with improvements in RR-TB diagnosis and treatment relative to a scenario of no vaccine and no such improvements. A future TB vaccine could have important implications for the global control of RR-TB, especially if implemented alongside enhancements in management of drug resistance.

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“…38 While the full extent of adult vaccination in India is unknown and no national guidelines for adult immunization exist in India, evidence to date suggests very low uptake of adult vaccination. 39 A 2013 study in Pune, India, found that only 8.3% of respondents were vaccinated against influenza during the H1N1 pandemic of 2009-2010, and a 2015 study of HPV awareness among students in a teaching hospital in south India found that only 6.8% of students surveyed had received the HPV vaccine. 40,41 Third, evidence from Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom has shown that childhood vaccines may reduce the incidence of rotavirus and community-acquired pneumonia in adult contacts of vaccinated children.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between private vaccine and antimicrobial consumption across Indian states, 2009–2017

Schueller

Nandi

Joshi

et al. 2021

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Vaccines can reduce antibiotic use and, consequently, antimicrobial resistance by averting vaccine-preventable and secondary infections. We estimated the associations between private vaccine and antibiotic consumption across Indian states during 2009-2017 using monthly and annual consumption data from IQVIA and employed fixedeffects regression and the Arellano-Bond Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model for panel data regression, which controlled for income and public sector vaccine use indicators obtained from other sources. In the annual data fixed-effects model, a 1% increase in private vaccine consumption per 1000 under-5 children was associated with a 0.22% increase in antibiotic consumption per 1000 people (P < 0.001). In the annual data GMM model, a 1% increase in private vaccine consumption per 1000 under-5 children was associated with a 0.2% increase in private antibiotic consumption (P < 0.001). In the monthly data GMM model, private vaccine consumption was negatively associated with antibiotic consumption when 32, 34, 35, and 44-47 months had elapsed after vaccine consumption, with a positive association with lags of fewer than 18 months. These results indicate vaccine-induced longer-term reductions in antibiotic use in India, similar to findings of studies from other low-and middle-income countries.

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Towards adult vaccination in India: a narrative literature review

Cited by 33 publications

References 58 publications

Adult vaccination in India: status and the way forward

Adult vaccination in India: status and the way forward

Modelling the global burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis avertable by a post-exposure vaccine

Associations between private vaccine and antimicrobial consumption across Indian states, 2009–2017

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