“…The models of customer loyalty, in the retail banking context, have used as antecedents of loyalty either the customer-focused variables that capture the cognition, affect, needs of customers or the service quality in banking operations. In their widely diverse conceptual frameworks on loyalty, prior research has used antecedents, such as customer satisfaction (Hoang, 2019), product service offerings/appeal, customer care (Amegbe and Osakwe, 2018), customer trust (Tabrani et al , 2018), competence, communication, commitment, conflict handling (Ndubisi et al , 2007), brand equity (Rambocas et al , 2018) and service quality (Makanyeza and Chikazhe, 2017; Boonlertvanich, 2019; Omoregie et al , 2019). An observation of the usage of these antecedents in earlier models of loyalty, in the retail banking context, gives rise to a few inferences.…”