Towards achieving circularity in residential building materials: Potential stock, locks and opportunities

Tazi, Nacef; Idir, Rachida; Fraj, Amor Ben

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124489

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…On the other hand, due to modern lifestyles, the progress of industry and technology has led to a significant increase in the amount and type of waste, such as demolition concrete, waste foundry sand and glass. These wastes could be recycled and used as alternative sources of aggregates or cement to produce concrete and meet the challenge of reducing the depletion of raw materials [1][2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reuse of Untreated Fine Sediments as Filler: Is It More Beneficial than Incorporating Them as Sand?

et al. 2022

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Large amounts of sediments are dredged each year to ensure navigation. These materials, classified as waste, seem to be promising alternatives to conventional construction materials. Dredging operations, carried out by the Territorial Directorate of the Seine Basin (DTBS), generate an annual volume of sediments of about 150,000 m3, of which nearly 50% are fine sediments (<80 μm). For these fine sediments, it is necessary to look for possible ways of valorisation, knowing that the coarse sediments, sands and gravels are already easily reused in concrete. The valorisation of fine sediments, such as concrete with 30% sand, has already been evaluated. However, it was found to significantly affect concrete performance; it extends setting time from 3 to 18 h, decreases compressive strength by an average of 50% and increases shrinkage deformation up to 200%. This paper seeks to evaluate the effects of ten different fine sediments, used as substitutes for 10% of cement by volume, on physico-chemical and mechanical properties. The experimental results show that fine sediments marginally affect concrete properties. The main peak of the released heat flux is delayed to less than 4 h, the compressive strength is decreased by 8% on average and the increase in shrinkage deformation does not exceed 17%, except for in two fine sediments. This incorporation method also has an environmental advantage over substituting 30% of concrete with sand, as it reduces CO2 emissions by almost 10% (instead of 0.2%).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reuse of Untreated Fine Sediments as Filler: Is It More Beneficial than Incorporating Them as Sand?

et al. 2022

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“…Although the static approach does not provide insight into the trend of material accumulation over time, it does not suffer from the uncertainty associated with the inaccuracy of historical data or future projections. Several studies (32% of reviewed articles) utilized the static approach to estimate material stocks [3,16,17,21,22,25,32,34,45,53,64,70,71].…”

Section: Temporal Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building material stock analysis is critical for effective circular economy strategies: a comprehensive review

Mohammadiziazi

Bilec

2022

Environ. Res.: Infrastruct. Sustain.

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Buildings account for the largest share of accumulated materials and waste. Tracking material composition, quantity, and location of these materials, known as building material stock analysis (MSA), is a first step enabling the reuse or repurposing of materials, key strategies of the circular economy. While the number of building MSAs is growing, there is a need to coalesce methods, data, and scope. Therefore, in this work, we reviewed and evaluated 62 journal and conference articles on MSA of buildings from different angles including scope, boundaries, archetype classification, material intensity determination, approaches (i.e., bottom-up, top-down, remote sensing), and quantity of materials to identify barriers, gaps, and opportunities of the area along with its implications on decision making, policy, and regulations. We cataloged the three major approaches of MSAs and discussed their advantages and shortcomings. We also created a comprehensive directory of building archetypes, references, and materials for future researchers. Most of the studies expectedly estimated that concrete had the largest mass compared to other materials; however, mass-based distribution of materials showed significant variations in different building stocks across the world. Also, embedded plastics and their types remained under-represented in current studies. A major barrier to MSA is related to lack of physical attributes, GIS, design, and construction data. Policy makers can play a role in mitigating data barriers through instituting regulations, which enforce reporting building-related data during permitting process. Furthermore, outcomes of building MSA can help policy makers in considering incentives for design and construction that utilize these abundant building materials.

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“…Material stock and flow accounting can assist in predicting future material demand based on the current stock age and likely replacement rates (Tazi et al., 2021). This is especially important for those nations with older building stocks, such as the United Kingdom, where 85% of the building stock which will exist in 2050 is predicted to have already been built (Edwards & Townsend, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scalable data collection, characterization, and accounting framework for urban material stocks

Arbabi

Lanau

Meyers

et al. 2021

J of Industrial Ecology

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Building stocks represent an extensive reservoir of secondary resources. However, common bottom‐up characterization of these, often based on archetypal classification of buildings and their corresponding material intensity, are still not suitable to adequately inform circular economic strategies. Indeed, these approaches typically result in a loss of building‐specific details, and a building stock characterization in terms of material mass, for example, glass, rather than component, for example, window. To deliver this higher resolution of details, a scalable approach to urban stock characterization, that enables a bottom‐up estimation of building stocks at the building component level, is needed. In this paper, we present a framework to automate the characterization of urban stock. By using and combining a mobile‐sensing approach with computer vision, urban stocks can be captured as 3D surface maps allowing the identification and semantic classification of stock objects, components, and materials. We demonstrate the potential of this framework through a case study of a neighborhood in Sheffield, UK, by using a prototype workflow comprising a custom‐made mobile‐sensing platform and an existing suite of neural network models to calculate an estimate count of buildings external doors and windows. The prototype implementation of the framework achieves comparable total and building‐level component counts with those achieved through manual human counts. Such automated estimation of components enables an understanding of opportunities across the circular economic hierarchies and informs stakeholders across the supply chain to better prepare for the implementation of circular strategies including building refurbishments.

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Towards achieving circularity in residential building materials: Potential stock, locks and opportunities

Cited by 28 publications

References 77 publications

Reuse of Untreated Fine Sediments as Filler: Is It More Beneficial than Incorporating Them as Sand?

Reuse of Untreated Fine Sediments as Filler: Is It More Beneficial than Incorporating Them as Sand?

Building material stock analysis is critical for effective circular economy strategies: a comprehensive review

A scalable data collection, characterization, and accounting framework for urban material stocks

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