Towards a wastewater energy recovery system: The utilization of humidified ammonia by a solid oxide fuel cell stack

Stoeckl, Bernhard; Subotić, Vanja; Megel, Stefan; Folgner, Christoph; Hochenauer, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227608

Cited by 30 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Wastewater contains unused energy in the form of dissolved ammonia. This ammonia source, once extracted from wastewater through pre-treatment, can be used as a promising fuel for SOFCs 172,[228][229][230] An example of utilising the ammonia within wastewater is via decomposition of struvite. Struvite precipitation is a method used to remove nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen in wastewater.…”

Section: Wastewater Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in ammonia fuel cells and their potential applications

2021

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Section: Wastewater Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in ammonia fuel cells and their potential applications

2021

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“…FMEA can be considered as a qualitative tool, which is developed by using chained "what-if ?" questions [103,104]. On the other hand, FMECA is quantitative as it tries to quantify the criticality of each failure, caused by the different hazards.…”

Section: Risk Assessment Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Safe Use of Ammonia Fuel Cells in the Maritime Industry

et al. 2021

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In April 2018, the International Maritime Organisation adopted an ambitious plan to contribute to the global efforts to reduce the Greenhouse Gas emissions, as set by the Paris Agreement, by targeting a 50% reduction in shipping’s Green House Gas emissions by 2050, benchmarked to 2008 levels. To meet these challenging goals, the maritime industry must introduce environmentally friendly fuels with negligible, or low SOX, NOX and CO2 emissions. Ammonia use in maritime applications is considered promising, due to its high energy density, low flammability, easy storage and low production cost. Moreover, ammonia can be used as fuel in a variety of propulsors such as fuel cells and can be produced from renewable sources. As a result, ammonia can be used as a versatile marine fuel, exploiting the existing infrastructure, and having zero SOX and CO2 emissions. However, there are several challenges to overcome for ammonia to become a compelling fuel towards the decarbonisation of shipping. Such factors include the selection of the appropriate ammonia-fuelled power generator, the selection of the appropriate system safety assessment tool, and mitigating measures to address the hazards of ammonia. This paper discusses the state-of-the-art of ammonia fuelled fuel cells for marine applications and presents their potential, and challenges.

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“…Similar to the delamination of oxygen electrodes, the impurity poisoning of fuel electrodes is also a main reason for oxygen-electrode degradation and deactivation. In particular, more than any other metal, Cr is likely to poison oxygen electrodes. , Cr degrades oxygen electrodes via two main mechanisms: First, in interconnections, chromium oxide oxidizes to gaseous CrO 3 or CrO 2 (OH) 2 , and then the nucleation and grain growth of gaseous Cr materials can deposit metallic Cr on the oxygen electrode’s surface; Second, the dissociation of electrode materials and solid-state diffusion of Cr-rich materials may deposit metallic Cr on the oxygen electrode’s surface. More studies on oxygen-electrode poisoning during coelectrolysis are required.…”

Section: Stability: Bundled and Stacked Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syngas Production from CO₂ and H₂O via Solid-Oxide Electrolyzer Cells: Fundamentals, Materials, Degradation, Operating Conditions, and Applications

Hou,

Jiang,

Wei

et al. 2024

Chem. Rev.

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Highly efficient coelectrolysis of CO 2 /H 2 O into syngas (a mixture of CO/ H 2 ), and subsequent syngas conversion to fuels and value-added chemicals, is one of the most promising alternatives to reach the corner of zero carbon strategy and renewable electricity storage. This research reviews the current state-of-the-art advancements in the coelectrolysis of CO 2 /H 2 O in solid oxide electrolyzer cells (SOECs) to produce the important syngas intermediate. The overviews of the latest research on the operating principles and thermodynamic and kinetic models are included for both oxygen-ion-and proton-conducting SOECs. The advanced materials that have recently been developed for both types of SOECs are summarized. It later elucidates the necessity and possibility of regulating the syngas ratios (H 2 :CO) via changing the operating conditions, including temperature, inlet gas composition, flow rate, applied voltage or current, and pressure. In addition, the sustainability and widespread application of SOEC technology for the conversion of syngas is highlighted. Finally, the challenges and the future research directions in this field are addressed. This review will appeal to scientists working on renewable-energy-conversion technologies, CO 2 utilization, and SOEC applications. The implementation of the technologies introduced in this review offers solutions to climate change and renewable-power-storage problems.

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Towards a wastewater energy recovery system: The utilization of humidified ammonia by a solid oxide fuel cell stack

Cited by 30 publications

References 34 publications

Recent progress in ammonia fuel cells and their potential applications

Recent progress in ammonia fuel cells and their potential applications

Review on the Safe Use of Ammonia Fuel Cells in the Maritime Industry

Syngas Production from CO₂ and H₂O via Solid-Oxide Electrolyzer Cells: Fundamentals, Materials, Degradation, Operating Conditions, and Applications

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Towards a wastewater energy recovery system: The utilization of humidified ammonia by a solid oxide fuel cell stack

Cited by 30 publications

References 34 publications

Recent progress in ammonia fuel cells and their potential applications

Recent progress in ammonia fuel cells and their potential applications

Review on the Safe Use of Ammonia Fuel Cells in the Maritime Industry

Syngas Production from CO2 and H2O via Solid-Oxide Electrolyzer Cells: Fundamentals, Materials, Degradation, Operating Conditions, and Applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Syngas Production from CO₂ and H₂O via Solid-Oxide Electrolyzer Cells: Fundamentals, Materials, Degradation, Operating Conditions, and Applications